Search results for "food and beverages"
showing 10 items of 4494 documents
Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum
2010
Background Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the center of pathogen-induced immune responses are signaling pathways triggered by the recognition of fungal, bacterial and viral signatures. These pathways result in the production of response molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, which degrade or destroy invaders. Using the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), we conducted the first extensive annotation of the immune and stress gene repertoire of a hemipterous insect, which is phylogenetically distantly related to previously ch…
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the dehydrogenase and quinone-reductase activity of irradiated Lactobacillus plantarum cells
2020
Abstract The resistance of lactobacilli to oxidative stress is of great importance for their applicability as probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the response of Lactobacillus plantarum strain ATCC® 14917™, grown in either de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRS medium) or tryptic soy broth (TSB medium), to 1–2 mM H2O2 after the exposure to different doses of ionising radiation. Two bacterial extracellular enzyme groups, dehydrogenases (DHAs) and quinone reductases (QRs), served as the criteria of viability and antioxidant activity, respectively. The irradiated L. plantarum culture grown in TSB showed increased QR activity at irradiation doses of 2–50 Gy, with the maximum activity at 10 G…
Fermented sweet lemon juice (Citrus limetta) using Lactobacillus plantarum LS5: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
2017
Sweet lemon juice was fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LS5 to produce a probiotic juice. The cell counts of the L. plantarum LS5 increased from 7.0 ± 0.1 to 8.63 ± 0.38 log CFU/mL during fermentation (37 °C for 48 h) (p < 0.05) and decreased from 8.63 ± 0.38 to 7.14 ± 0.21 log CFU/mL after storage (4 °C for 28 d). Antibacterial activity against S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was observed in fermented sweet lemon juice. Immediately after fermentation, pH, lactic acid and antioxidant capacity of the samples increased, while glucose and fructose, total acidity, citric acid and phenolic decreased. During storage, phenolics, and antioxidant decreased in both fermented and non-fermented…
Evaluation of fruit quality and antioxidant activity of kiwifruit during ripening and after storage
2016
BACKGROUND: In the Northern hemisphere kiwifruit harvest time is conditioned by low temperatures occurring during the harvesting season while in Southern Italy minimum temperatures in autumn are high enough to support fruit growth and ripening. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of delayed harvest time on kiwifruit quality attributes. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in a commercial kiwifruit, 'Hayward', orchard located in Southern Italy. In this area, the conventional harvest time occurs 160 days after full bloom (DAFB), during the first decade of November. Fruits were collected from 130 DAFB to 192 DAFB. Fresh fruit and dry weight, flesh color, firmness, total soluble solids cont…
Determination of fatty acids content, global antioxidant activity and energy value of weed seeds from agricultural fields in France.
2016
18 pages; International audience; The ecological consequences of seed size variation have been studied extensively in plants. Curiously, little attention has been paid to the qualitative and quantitative variation of the seed-stored molecules and on their ecological significance. Here, we analysed the oil content and oil composition of ca. 200 weed seed species from agricultural fields in France based on single seed accessions, concentrating on interspecies differences and ignoring within-species variation. The relationships between seed weight, oil %, fatty acids (FAs) and the energetic value of the seed and its antioxidant properties were also investigated. The antioxidant activity could …
Improvement of resveratrol production from waste residue of grape seed by biotransformation of edible immobilized Aspergillus oryzae cells and negati…
2017
Abstract A biotransformation method of producing resveratrol with immobilized Aspergillus oryzae negative pressure cavitation bioreactor (ICNPCB) with biphasic ionic liquid aqueous system pretreatment was investigated. Subsequently, the biotransformation conditions were optimized for the resveratrol production under types of ILs [C4MIM]Br, concentration of ILs 0.75 M, temperature 31 °C, ratios of solid to liquid 1:15 (mg/L), time 60 h and pH 6.0, the yield of resveratrol reached 224.61 ± 0.35 μg/g, which increased 4.36-fold to that of untreated one. The conversion rate of piceid reached 85.21%. The residual activity of immobilized microorganism was 82.26% after used for 15 runs. The develop…
Involvement of the glutamate receptor AtGLR3.3 in plant defense signaling and resistance toHyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
2013
Like their animal counterparts, plant glutamate receptor-like (GLR) homologs are intimately associated with Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane and participate in various physiological processes. In pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-/elicitor-mediated resistance, Ca(2+) fluxes are necessary for activating downstream signaling events related to plant defense. In this study, oligogalacturonides (OGs), which are endogenous elicitors derived from cell wall degradation, were used to investigate the role of Arabidopsis GLRs in defense signaling. Pharmacological investigations indicated that GLRs are partly involved in free cytosolic [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)]cyt) variations, nitric oxide (N…
The invasive Asparagopsis taxiformis hosts a low diverse and less trophic structured molluscan assemblage compared with the native Ericaria brachycar…
2021
Abstract Invasive seaweeds threaten biodiversity and socio-economics values of worldwide marine ecosystems. Understanding to what extent invasive seaweeds can modify local biodiversity is one of the main priorities in conservation ecology. We compared the molluscan assemblage of the invasive Asparagopsis taxiformis with that of the native Ericaria brachycarpa and explore if variation in the molluscan assemblage diversity was related to the substrate attributes (biomass, and thallus, canopy, and interstitial volumes) of the algae. Results showed that A. taxiformis harboured lower diversity and trophic structure of the molluscan assemblage compared to E. brachycarpa. Biomass was the variable …
Development of a low-alcoholic fermented beverage employing cashew apple juice and non-conventional yeasts
2019
Cashew apples are by-products in the production of cashew nuts, which are mostly left to rot in the fields. Cashew apple juice (CAJ), a highly nutritious beverage, can be produced from them. It is rich in sugars and ascorbic acid, but its high polyphenol content makes it bitter and astringent, and therefore difficult to commercialize. The kingdom of fungi contains more than 2000 yeast species, of which only a few species have been studied in relation to their potential to produce aroma compounds. The aim of this research was to develop a new low-alcoholic fermented beverage to valorize cashew apples. For this purpose, a screening was carried out employing non-conventional yeast species and …
Alder pollen in Finland ripens after a short exposure to warm days in early spring, showing biennial variation in the onset of pollen ripening
2017
Abstract We developed a temperature sum model to predict the daily pollen release of alder, based on pollen data collected with pollen traps at seven locations in Finland over the years 2000–2014. We estimated the model parameters by minimizing the sum of squared errors (SSE) of the model, with weights that put more weight on binary recognition of daily presence or absence of pollen. The model results suggest that alder pollen ripens after a couple of warm days in February, while the whole pollen release period typically takes up to 4 weeks. We tested the model residuals against air humidity, precipitation and wind speed, but adding these meteorological features did not improve the model pr…