Search results for "functional"
showing 10 items of 4822 documents
Induction of the cytokine TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 in ischemic stroke.
2008
Stroke outcome is determined by delayed neuronal cell death and edema formation. TWEAK, a cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and its membrane receptor Fn14 promote ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis and leakage of the blood-brain barrier. Both TWEAK and Fn14 are upregulated in experimental stroke models. In this study, we investigated whether TWEAK and Fn14 are upregulated in stroke patients. We measured serum concentrations of TWEAK in stroke patients and matched control subjects by ELISA. Expression of Fn14 in the brain was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TWEAK serum concentrations were elevated in stroke patients. In autopsy samples, we found elevated mRNA levels o…
Lateralized effects of self-induced sadness and happiness on corticospinal excitability.
1997
We studied the changes in excitability of the corticospinal projection evoked by self-induced sad and happy thoughts. Corticospinal excitability was probed using focal, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the optimal scalp position for evoking motor potentials in the contralateral first dorsal interosseus muscle. Fourteen right-handed subjects were studied while counting mentally, thinking sad thoughts, or thinking happy thoughts. In each of these three conditions TMS was applied in each subject randomly, 20 times to the right and 20 times to the left hemisphere. Sad thoughts resulted in a significant facilitation of the motor potentials evoked by left-hemispheri…
Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals cortical hyperexcitability in episodic cluster headache
2014
Abstract Evidence shows involvement of the cerebral cortex in the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH). Here we investigated cortical excitability in episodic CH patients by using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In 25 patients with episodic CH and 13 healthy subjects we evaluated the motor cortical response to single-pulse (ie, motor threshold, input-output curves, cortical silent period) and paired-pulse (ie, intracortical facilitation, short intracortical inhibition) transcranial magnetic stimulation in both hemispheres. Thirteen patients were evaluated outside bout and the remaining 12 patients inside bout. Our results showed increased slope of the input-output curves after stimul…
Decoding Musical Training from Dynamic Processing of Musical Features in the Brain
2018
AbstractPattern recognition on neural activations from naturalistic music listening has been successful at predicting neural responses of listeners from musical features, and vice versa. Inter-subject differences in the decoding accuracies have arisen partly from musical training that has widely recognized structural and functional effects on the brain. We propose and evaluate a decoding approach aimed at predicting the musicianship class of an individual listener from dynamic neural processing of musical features. Whole brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data was acquired from musicians and nonmusicians during listening of three musical pieces from different genres. Six mus…
Repetition suppression versus enhancement — it's quantity that matters
2013
Upon repetition, certain stimuli induce reduced neural responses (i.e., repetition suppression), whereas others evoke stronger signals (i.e., repetition enhancement). It has been hypothesized that stimulus properties (e.g., visibility) determine the direction of the repetition effect. Here, we show that the very same stimuli can induce both repetition suppression and enhancement, whereby the only determining factor is the number of repetitions. Repeating the same, initially novel low-visible pictures of scenes for up to 5 times enhanced the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in scene-selective areas, that is, the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and the transverse occipital sulcus…
Paired pulse TMS over the right posterior parietal cortex modulates visuospatial perception
2006
Abstract Objective We previously observed a relative contralateral neglect by right parietal single-pulse TMS given 150 ms after visual stimulus presentation. Here we investigated the effects of parietal paired TMS in normal subjects performing a visuospatial task. Methods Thirteen right-handed healthy subjects underwent a line-length judgement task during single-pulse and paired (1, 3, 5, 10 ms ISIs) TMS, delivered on the right parietal cortex 150 ms after visual stimulus. Results Single pulse TMS over the right parietal cortex induced a significant rightward bias compared to the baseline condition. At 1 and 3 ms ISIs, paired-pulse TMS did not show any effect in comparison with single puls…
A novel mobile application to determine mandibular and tongue laterality discrimination in women with chronic temporomandibular disorder.
2020
Background Chronic pain from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is caused by a somatosensory disturbance due to sustained activation of central nervous system nociceptive pathways, which can induce changes in neuroplasticity in the thalamus, basal ganglia and limbic system, as well as disturbances in the somatosensory, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex and cognitive impairment. The main objective of this study was to determine the discrimination capacity of mandibular and tongue laterality between women with chronic TMDs and asymptomatic women. Material and Methods This descriptive-comparative study examined 2 groups with a total of 30 women. All participants were between the ages of 23 a…
Ictal functional TCD for the lateralization of the seizure onset zone—a report of two cases
2004
Ictal functional transcranial Doppler sonography (I-fTCD) was used to lateralize the ictal onset zone in the presurgical evaluation of two patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. In one patient, I-fTCD and ictal SPECT were performed simultaneously during EEG-monitoring. In both patients, results were concordant with the ictal SPECT findings, PET and semiology. I-fTCD seems to be an interesting new method to non-invasively lateralize the seizure onset zone with high temporal resolution. I-fTCD and SPECT may give complementary information to lateralize the seizure onset zone.
Hemichorea associated with varicella-zoster reinfection and endocarditis. A case report.
1985
A 20-year-old woman developed transient right-sided hemichoreatic movements after household exposure to varicella-zoster. Some days before the appearance of involuntary movements a vesicular rash had occurred. About 6 months later an elevated IgG serum titer against varicella virus was found and two-dimensional echocardiography showed signs of an endocarditis. During the following 2 months the IgG value returned to within the normal range and the choreatic movements disappeared almost totally. The possibility is discussed that endocarditis had been caused and maintained by serum antibodies to varicella-zoster virus which cross-reacted with valvular tissue. Embolization to the region of the …
Emotional and Cognitive Variables Associated with Contamination-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
2016
AbstractDifferent variables have been associated with the development/ maintenance of contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although the relevance of these factors has not been clearly established. The present study aimed to analyze the relevance and specificity of these variables. Forty-five women with high scores on obsessive-compulsive contamination symptoms (n= 16) or checking symptoms (n= 15), or non-clinical scores (n= 14) participated in a behavioral approach/avoidance task (BAT) with a contamination-OCD stimulus. Vulnerability variables and participants’ emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral responses to the BAT were appraised. Results show that fea…