Search results for "ganglion"

Transient expression of synaptogyrin in the ganglionic eminence of the human fetal brain

2000

Summary The ganglionic eminence (GE) representing a conspicuous bulb-like elevation of the telencephalic proliferative zone has recently been shown to be involved in the establishment of cortical connections. This study demonstrates the presence of synaptogyrin-immunoreactivity in a large number of cell bodies of the human GE between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation. From the 20 th week onwards synaptogyrin expression sharply declines. No immunoreactive structures are detectable in the 23 rd week or later. As the GE persists nearly throughout the entire fetal period these results show that its neurochemical features change distinctly in the course of development. The synaptogyrin-immunoreactive…

The clinical relevance of non-classified dysganglionoses and implications for a new grading system

2001

In addition to the classified types of dysganglionosis, certain non-classified dysganglionoses (NCD) (types 1-4) were introduced by Meier-Ruge in 1992. Clinical data on these conditions are limited. Among 134 children with intestinal dysganglionoses (ID) treated from 1979 to 1999, 12 were identified to have a NCD. Their clinical course is presented. The existence of mild ID (type 1) is difficult to demonstrate. Current definitions and data on clinical relevance are not convincing. An indication for surgical treatment is not present. Isolated hypogenesis of the submucous plexus (SMP) (type 2, n = 8) is clinically a more severe kind of intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B and often requires e…

RELEASE OF CATECHOLAMINES FROM THE HEART

1966

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the release of catecholamines from the heart. The isolated heart of the rabbit with the sympathetic nervous supply from the right stellate ganglion intact was set up according to Hukovio and Muscholl. The ganglion was stimulated for 30 s at supramaximal voltage with rectangular impulses of 3–5 ms duration a frequency of 10 shocks/s. Each stimulation period was followed by a resting period of 30 s. In the rabbit, four doses of 50 mg/kg l-α-methyldopa decreased the noradrenaline concentration in auricles, right, and left ventricles by 38–60%. An equimolar amount of α-methyl noradrenaline was detected in the tissues. Reserpine and guanethidine in doses,…

Reduced retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in children with severe obesity

2015

Summary Background Some optic nerve diseases are silent and insidious. Recently, reduced thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) has been associated with increasing body mass index in adults. Objectives To investigate the association of childhood obesity with RNFL measured by optical coherence tomography imaging. Methods Ninety-seven children aged 5–14 years classified according to standard deviation score of body mass index (SDS-BMI) were included. Parameters of metabolic risk, adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin) and interleukin-6 were analyzed. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination with direct ophthalmoscopy. Evaluation of RNFL with optical coherence tom…

Catestatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat eye

2014

The aim of the study was to investigate the presence and distribution of the chromogranin A-derived peptide catestatin in the rat eye and trigeminal ganglion by immunofluorescence using an antibody which recognizes not only free catestatin but also larger fragments containing the sequence of catestatin. Western blots were performed in an attempt to characterize the immunoreactivities detected by the catestatin antiserum. Sparse immunoreactive nerve fibers were visualized in the corneal stroma, in the chamber angle, in the sphincter muscle but also in association with the dilator muscle, in the stroma of the ciliary body and processes, but dense in the irideal stroma, around blood vessels at…

Perivascular nerve fiber α-synuclein regulates contractility of mouse aorta: A link to autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

2010

Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders associated to changes in alpha-synuclein often result in autonomic dysfunction, most of the time accompanied by abundant expression of this synaptic protein in peripheral autonomic neurons. Given that expression of alpha-synuclein in vascular elements has been previously reported, the present study was undertaken to determine whether alpha-synuclein directly participates in the regulation of vascular responsiveness. We detected by immunohistochemistry perivascular nerve fibers containing alpha-synuclein in the aorta of mice while aortic endothelial cells and muscular fibers themselves did not exhibit detectable levels of this protein…

Recent advances and disputes about curcumin in retinal diseases

2021

Abstract Curcumin belongs to the group of so-called phytocompounds, biologically active molecules produced by plants exerting a beneficial effect on health. Curcumin shows a wide spectrum of different properties, being an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic molecule. The purpose of the review is to examine what literature reported on the characteristics of curcumin, particularly, on the beneficial and controversial aspects of this molecule, aiming for a better therapeutic management of retinal diseases. The retina is a constant target of oxidative stress, this tissue being characterized by cells rich in mitochondria and by vessels and being, obviously, continuous…

Clorgyline effect on pineal melatonin biosynthesis in adrenalectomized rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine

1994

The response to administration of the specific monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) blocker clorgyline was investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which were adrenalectomized four days prior to treatment or were additionally sympathectomized as newborns by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. In both groups, the contents of pineal indoles melatonin and N-acetylserotonin were augmented, and the contents of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoletryptophol decreased 90 min following clorgyline injections when compared to rats receiving saline. The observed responses were less pronounced in rats both adrenalectomized and sympathectomized. The results are in line with the hypothesis that preser…

Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) for cluster headache (CH)-/INS;pathway CH-1 — /INS;Effectiveness and quality of life through 18 mont…

2013

Pathway CH-1 Study: Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) Stimulation for Acute Treatment of Chronic Cluster Headache (CCH) - Initial Experience (S36.002)

2012

Objective: We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of SPG stimulation for the acute treatment of CCH. Background The pain and autonomic symptoms of cluster headache result from activation of the trigeminal parasympathetic reflex, mediated through the SPG. Design/Methods: A multi-center, dose range finding, multiple headache attack (HA), acute treatment study with random insertion of placebo has been initiated. All subjects meet the ICHD-II criteria for CCH with a minimum of 4 HAs/week. Subjects are implanted with a miniaturized neurostimulator which, along with a controller, provides SPG stimulation. Prior to the randomized period, stimulation parameters are adjusted in a titration …