Search results for "generalized anxiety"
showing 10 items of 33 documents
Serotonergic polymorphisms in patients suffering from alcoholism, anxiety disorders and narcolepsy.
2001
Abstract 1. Alterations in the serotonergic neurotransmission have been frequently described for patients suffering from alcoholism, anxiety disorders and narcolepsy. 2. The authors tested for association of the 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism (T102C) and the intron 7 tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) polymorphism (A218C) among 176 alcohol dependent patients, 35 patients with panic disorder, 50 patients with generalized anxiety disorder, 55 patients with narcolepsy and 87 healthy controls. 3. Allele and genotype frequencies of the 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism (T102C), the intron 7 TPH polymorphism (A218C) were almost similar between the patients suffering from alcohol dependence, panic disorder, ge…
Sex differences in allelic frequencies of the 5-HT2C Cys23Ser polymorphism in psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers: findings from an associati…
2000
Polymorphisms in the serotonergic system are believed to play a role in the etiology and treatment of different psychiatric illnesses. The 5-HT2C receptor gene is X-linked, with a frequent mutation at nucleotide 68 leading to a Ser-->Cys transition at amino acid 23. Recent studies have demonstrated an impaired function of 5-HT2C receptors and an increased production of the major noradrenergic metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in the cerebrospinal fluid among the subjects carrying the Ser23 allele (Lappalainen et al., 1999). Biol. Psychiatry 46:821). We genotyped patients with alcohol dependence, panic disorder without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, narcolepsy an…
Are the dysfunctional beliefs that predict worry different from those that predict obsessions?
2007
Chronic worry present in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and obsessions characteristic of the Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are cognitive phenomena that share some features, but they also differ on others. Based on current cognitive approaches, dysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs underlie the development and/or maintenance of both GAD and OCD. However, to date, there has been little empirical evidence about the differences between the beliefs that predict the occurrence of obsessions and those that predict worry. This study focuses on the search for these differences and examines to what extent worry and obsessions are associated with a similar or different pattern of dysfunctiona…
Chernobyl exposure as stressor during pregnancy and behaviour in adolescent offspring.
2007
Objective: Research in animals has shown that exposure to stressors during pregnancy is associated with offspring behavioural disorders. We aimed to study the effect of in utero exposure to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, and maternal anxiety presumably associated with that exposure, on behaviour disorder observed at age 14. Method: Exposed (n = 232) and non-exposed Finnish twins (n = 572) were compared. A semi-structured interview was used to assess lifetime symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Results: Adolescents who were exposed from the second trimester in pregnancy o…
A cross‐cultural comparison of the roles of emotional intelligence, metacognition, and negative coping for health‐related quality of life in German v…
2018
Objectives Low emotional intelligence (EI) may predispose individuals to applying maladaptive coping strategies. This may maintain anxious worrying, which is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and may affect mental (MCS) and physical component summaries (PCS) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Design The current study is a cross-sectional and cross-cultural survey. Methods N = 200 outpatients with CHF were recruited at cardiology institutes in Germany and Pakistan and assessed with self-report questionnaires. Results Path analysis (χ2 (4) = 7.59, p = .11, GFI = .99) revealed that the expected associations between low EI and lower SF-36 MCS and PCS of HRQoL…
Effects of Antidepressants on Inhibitory Avoidance in Mice: A Review
2012
Neither the biological basis of depression (Nemeroff & Vale, 2005; Kasper & McEwen, 2008) nor the precise mechanism of antidepressant efficacy are completely understood (Dudra-Jastrzebska et al., 2007). Indeed, antidepressants are widely prescribed for anxiety and disorders other than depression. For example, they are the drug therapy of choice for severe anxiety disorders such as agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (Baldessarini, 2001). Antidepressants are also employed as a therapeutic tool in disorders such as drug addition (e.g. Schatzberg, 2000), enuresis (e.g. Humphreys & Reinberg, 2005) and chronic…
Depression, Anxiety at School and Self-Esteem in Children with Learning Disabilities
2014
Educational research places emphasis on the fact that pupils with Learning Disabilities may develop depressive and anxiety symptoms characterized by lower levels of self-esteem. The aim of this research is to compare the levels of depression, anxiety at school and self-esteem in children with learning disabilities, mathematical disabilities and a control group who showed typical learning. The participants were 132 children (52 girls and 80 boys), with an average age of 9 years, attending the fourth grade of primary school. These pupils were selected by scores on a battery of tests commonly used in Italy for the assessment of learning disabilities. On the whole, analyses revealed that childr…
Psychometrics of the Spanish Version of the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Disorders (SCAARED)
2021
Objectives: To translate and validate the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Disorders (SCAARED) questionnaire into Spanish.Method: The original SCAARED was translated into Spanish and administered to a non-clinical sample of 131 university students (92.4% women, mean age 22 years) in Valencia, Spain. To assess the concurrent validity of the SCAARED, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale−21(DASS) and the Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were also administered. Test-retest reliability was evaluated 2 weeks after the first administration.Results: The internal consistency of SCAARED was high (α = 0.91) and the stability of the measurement was also high (test-retest 0.81). The results of the Exp…
Virtual Reality and Anxiety Disorders Treatment: Evolution and Future Perspectives
2019
Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows the simulation of different real-life situations on a tridimensional computer-generated environment where the user can interact with the environment as if he/she were the real world. VR has potential as an exposure technique for treating anxiety disorders because VR and real objects have similar characteristics, which creates the illusion that the user is immersed and engaged with objects in the real world. Regarding the efficacy of using virtual reality exposure-based therapy (VR-EBT), for more than two decades, there has been sufficient empirical evidence regarding VR-EBT for treating anxiety disorders. Finally, this chapter ends with some …
Cultural adaptation of the Smiling is Fun program for the treatment of depression in the Ecuadorian public health care system: A study protocol for a…
2021
Background Depression is one of the world's major health problems. Due to its high prevalence, it constitutes the first cause of disability among the Americas, where only a very low percentage of the population receives the adequate evidence-based psychological treatment. Internet-Based Interventions (IBIs) are a great alternative to reduce the treatment gap for mental disorders. Although there are several studies in low-and middle-income countries proving IBIs' feasibility and acceptability, there is still little evidence of the effectiveness in diverse social and cultural contexts such as Latin America. Methods Two studies will be described: Study 1 is focused on the cultural adaptation o…