Search results for "glycoproteins"
showing 10 items of 496 documents
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress mast cell degranulation and allergic responses through OX40-OX40L interaction.
2008
T regulatory (Treg) cells play a role in the suppression of immune responses, thus serving to induce tolerance and control autoimmunity. Here, we explored whether Treg cells influence the immediate hypersensitivity response of mast cells (MCs). Treg cells directly inhibited the FcεRI-dependent MC degranulation through cell-cell contact involving OX40-OX40L interactions between Treg cells and MCs, respectively. When activated in the presence of Treg cells, MCs showed increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations and reduced Ca2+ influx, independently of phospholipase C (PLC)-γ2 or Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Antagonism of cAMP in MCs reversed the inhibitory effec…
Activation of complement by the alternative pathway as a factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
1976
Dental plaque and a bacterium, Actinomyces viscosus, isolated from plaque that can reproduce periodontal disease in germ-free rats, are activators of complement by the alternative pathway. It is suggested that this process is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.
Synergistic activation of dendritic cells by combined Toll-like receptor ligation induces superior CTL responses in vivo.
2006
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are able to interact with pathogen-derived products and their signals induce the coordinated activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in these events. As the different TLRs are able to trigger MyD88/TRIF-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, we wondered if the simultaneous activation of these signaling cascades would synergize with respect to DC activation and induce superior cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in vivo. We observed that indeed the combined activation of MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling induced by TLR7 and TLR3 ligands provoked a more rapid and more sustained bone marrow–der…
Gene transfer of the Co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 enhances the immunogenicity of human renal cell carcinoma to a different extent.
1999
Stimulation of a specific antitumour immune response with recruitment and induction of T-cell effector functions represents an attractive concept in human cancer therapy. Different cytokines and the B7 co-stimulatory molecules are both able to provide proliferation and activation signals for T cells. In the present study, we first demonstrated the absence of both B7-1 and B7-2 expression in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. The lack of B7 expression was associated with a low or absent proliferative response of allogeneic and autologous T cells upon stimulation with tumour cells. In order to investigate the role of B7-1 and B7-2, the human RCC cell line, MZ1257RC, which expresses …
Disruption of T helper 2-immune responses in Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3-deficient mice
2002
Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a widely expressed IL-12p40-related protein that associates as a heterodimer with either IL-12p35 or an IL-12p35 homologue, p28, to create a new cytokine (IL-27). To define the function of EBI3in vivo, we generated knockout mice in which theebi3gene was targeted by homologous recombination. EBI3−/−mice exhibited normal numbers of both naive and mature CD4+and CD8+T cells and B cells, but markedly decreased numbers of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) as defined by staining with an α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer)-loaded CD1d-tetramer. iNKT cells from EBI3−/−mice exhibited decreased IL-4 and, to a lesser extent, IFN-γ production after αGalCer s…
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae flavodoxin-like proteins Ycp4 and Rfs1 play a role in stress response and in the regulation of genes related to metaboli…
2011
SPI1 is a gene whose expression responds to many environmental stimuli, including entry into stationary phase. We have performed a screening to identify genes that activate SPI1 promoter when overexpressed. The phosphatidylinositol- 4-phosphate 5-kinase gene MSS4 was identified as a positive activator of SPI1. Another SPI1 transcriptional regulator isolated was the flavodoxin-like gene YCP4. YCP4 and its homolog RFS1 regulate the expression of many genes during the late stages of growth. The double deletion mutant in YCP4 and its homolog RFS1 has an impact on gene expression related to metabolism by increasing the expression of genes involved in hexose transport and glycolysis, and decreasi…
Talin1 sets the stage for dendritic cell activation
2020
In dendritic cells, talin1 links integrin binding to efficient TLR downstream signaling through interaction with MyD88 and PIP5K.
Early stages of test formation in larva of Ascidia malaca (Tunicata, Ascidiacea): ultrastructural and cytochemical investigations.
2003
Abstract The swimming larvae of ascidians are entirely covered by a hyalin coat called tunic, or test. This covering consists of two cuticular layers, C 1 and C 2 , which surround an inner compartment composed of an amorphous hyalin matrix with numerous fibrils dispersed inside. Data from the literature agree on the key role played by the cells of the larval ectodermic layer in the synthesis and secretion of larval test components. In the present article are reported ultrastructural and cytochemical investigations made during test formation in the swimming larva of Ascidia malaca . Besides confirming the role played by ectodermic cells during the early stages of test formation, the investig…
The designer cytokine hyper-interleukin-6 is a potent activator of STAT3-dependent gene transcription in vivo and in vitro.
1999
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) triggers pivotal pathways in vivo. The designer protein hyper-IL-6 (H-IL-6) fuses the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) through an intermediate linker with IL-6. The intracellular pathways that are triggered by H-IL-6 are not defined yet. Therefore, we studied the molecular mechanisms leading to H-IL-6-dependent gene activation. H-IL-6 stimulates haptoglobin mRNA expression in HepG2 cells, which is transcriptionally mediated as assessed by run-off experiments. The increase in haptoglobin gene transcription correlates with higher nuclear translocation of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 and its DNA binding. As H-IL-6 stimulates STAT3-dependent gene transcription, we compared t…
Synthesis of tumor-associated glycopeptide antigens for the development of tumor-selective vaccines
2004
In contrast to normal cells, the glycoprotein profile on epithelial tumor cells is distinctly altered. Due to an incomplete formation of the glycan side-chains resulting from a premature sialylation, additional peptide epitopes become accessible to the immune system in mucin-type glycoproteins on tumor cells. These tumor-associated structure alterations constitute the basis for a selective immunological attack on cancer cells. For the construction of immunostimulating antigens, glycopeptide partial structures from the mucins MUC1 and MUC4 carrying the tumor-associated sialyl-T(N), alpha2,6-sialyl-T and alpha2,3-sialyl-T antigens have been synthesized. Employing different linkers such as the…