Search results for "harm"
showing 10 items of 13866 documents
Expressional down-regulation of neuronal-type nitric oxide synthase I by glucocorticoids in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.
1998
Neuronal-type nitric oxide synthase (NOS I) is involved in ischemia-induced brain damage, and glucocorticoids have been reported to protect from brain damage. This prompted us to investigate if the activity or expression of NOS I was influenced by glucocorticoids. We used the murine neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115 as our experimental model. Short-term incubation (30 min) of the N1E-115 cells with dexamethasone (10 nM to 1 microM) or hydrocortisone (100 nM to 10 microM) did not change the enzymatic activity of NOS I. However, the glucocorticoids inhibited NOS I mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent fashion (down to 53.3 +/- 2. 5% of control). In time-course experiments with 100 nM dex…
Compounded preparations in dermatology – analysis of prescribing habits in everyday clinical practice in Germany
2020
Background Compounded preparations (CPs) are an indispensable addition to approved, commercially available drugs (CADs), especially for topical therapy. In Germany, about eight million CPs are prescribed within the statutory health insurance system each year, 50 % thereof by dermatologists. Methods We analyzed prescribing habits based on a questionnaire sent out to 186 office-based dermatologists and 1,491 pharmacies in the federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. The goal was to improve patient care by collecting and categorizing data in terms of prescription practice and associated challenges in interdisciplinary cooperation. Results Overall, 351 pharmacists (23.5 %) and 53 de…
Unpredictable Performance of pH-Dependent Coatings Accentuates the Need for Improved Predictive in Vitro Test Systems.
2017
First introduced in the second half of the 19th century, enteric coatings are commonly used to protect acid-labile drugs, reduce the risk of gastric side effects due to irritating drugs, or for local drug delivery to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The currently available enteric-coatings are based on pH-sensitive weakly acidic polymers. Despite the long history of their use, the causes behind their performance often being unpredictable have not been properly investigated with most of the attention being focused only on the gastric emptying. However, little attention has been given to the postgastric emptying disintegration and dissolution of these dosage forms. This lack of attentio…
Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis for dental procedures is not associated with fatal adverse drug reactions in Fran…
2018
Background One of the major reasons to stop antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to prevent infective endocarditis (IE) in the United Kingdom but not in the rest of the world was that it would result in more deaths from fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than the number of IE deaths. The main aim of this study was to quantify and describe the ADRs with amoxicillin or clindamycin for IE AP. The second aim was to infer a crude incidence of anaphylaxis associated with amoxicillin for IE AP. Material and Methods The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to group ADRs for IE AP using the broad Standardized MedDRA Queries “Anaphylactic reaction, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Clostrid…
Cocaine and MDMA Induce Cellular and Molecular Changes in Adult Neurogenic Systems: Functional Implications
2011
The capacity of the brain to generate new adult neurons is a recent discovery that challenges the old theory of an immutable adult brain. A new and fascinating field of research now focuses on this regenerative process. The two brain systems that constantly produce new adult neurons, known as the adult neurogenic systems, are the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the lateral ventricules/olfactory bulb system. Both systems are involved in memory and learning processes. Different drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and MDMA, have been shown to produce cellular and molecular changes that affect adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes the effects that these drugs have on the adult neurog…
Antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities of mequitazine in comparison with clemizole
1988
Abstract The antihistamine and anticholinergic properties of mequitazine have been investigated and compared with those of clemizole. Both mequitazine and clemizole antagonized the effect of histamine in guinea-pig ileum competitively, the pA2 values calculated by Schild plot were 9.95 ± 0.44 for mequitazine and 10.54 ± 0.44 for clemizole. Mequitazine at 10−7 M produced a parallel shift of the dose-response curve to acetylcholine in the rat duodenum, clemizole and the lower doses of mequitazine failed to modify the effect of acetylcholine. The potency of mequitazine and clemizole as H1-histamine blockers is similar, but only mequitazine at highest concentration used showed anticholinergic a…
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cardiotoxicity: An Analysis of Spontaneous Reports in Eudravigilance
2021
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in the treatment of many cancers as they improve clinical outcomes. However, ICIs have also been associated with the development of immune-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Among immune-related ADRs, cardiac immune-related ADRs are rare, but also associated with high mortality rates. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of cardiac ADRs reported with ICIs in the European spontaneous reporting system. Methods We retrieved individual case safety reports on ICI-induced cardiac ADRs from the website of suspected ADR (www.adrreports.eu) of the European pharmacovigilance database (Eudravigilance).…
Chronic oral haloperidol and clozapine in rats: A behavioral evaluation.
1999
The present study evaluated chronic oral treatment of rats with haloperidol or clozapine. Drugs were given in the drinking water for a 23-day period . Rat behavior was analyzed once a week in an open field. Rats ingested either 1.7 mg/kg haloperidol or 40 mg/kg clozapine daily. Blood serum analysis revealed concentrations of 6 ng/ml for haloperidol and 22 ng/ml for clozapine at the end of the treatment. Haloperidol decreased overall activity from the onset of treatment. Clozapine showed similar effects only on the last test day. Control animals showed a slight habituation in exploration-related parameters. In conclusion, these results indicate that oral drug administration through the drink…
Rare diseases and orphan drugs: Latvian story
2014
Background Ten years have passed since Latvia became a Member State of the EU in 2004. As a result European regulations, including those related to rare diseases and orphan drugs, have been applied to Latvian legislative system. Orphan diseases have been recognized as a priority area for action in the public health system, though there are significant differences in the national healthcare services for rare diseases among the EU States. This study aims to determine situation in the field of rare diseases in Latvia and compare it with other European countries. Methods We used the national plan for rare diseases, EUCERD reports, Orphanet data, Latvian and European regulations, publicly availa…
Predictors of diuresis response to levosimendan administration in patients with acute heart failure
2021
Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer and potassium channel-opener, is appreciated for its effects on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic and for the relief of symptoms in acute heart failure (AHF). Positive effects of levosimendan on renal function have been also described. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the predictors of the diuresis response to levosimendan administration in high risk acute heart failure patients. Methods We analysed 34 consecutive patients admitted with high risk AHF to one centre and treated in intensive cardiac care unit. Levosimendan was administered on top of other treatment as a 24-hour in…