Search results for "hyperactivity"

Iperreattività bronchiale e inspirazione profonda: correlazioni patogenetiche e implicazioni cliniche

2004

Bronchial hyperreactivity seems to induce a loss of the deep inspiration's bronchoprotective effect which is normally able to dilate the obstructed airways. Studies such as the HRCT on the bronchial gauge's alterations show that the deep inspirations bronchodilator effect is associated with the bronchial distensibility. In fact, it is almost totally absent either in the elderly or in the COPD patients. In asthma, instead, the pathology's seriousness has proved to be associated with the impairment of the deep inspiration's broncho-protective effect which this way becomes an important diagnostic parameter.

El trastorn de dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH) en població infantil i juvenil

2012

Fruit de la dedicació professional de les autores i enfront d'un problema no sols no resolt, sinó que es considera que està insuficientment abordat, el trastorn de dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH) en població infantil i juvenil, es planteja primerament una revisió de la bibliografia, seguida d'un recull de dades sobre la situació actual (amb abundància d'informació procedent dels Estats Units) i d'algunes consideracions i propostes per a posar en marxa les intervencions al nostre àmbit de referència, com ara l'educació que han de rebre, les concepcions morals, els hàbits, etc. Perquè avui dia els infants estan exposats a nombroses influències que han desencadenat que es disparen …

2012

BackgroundIncreased reaction time variability (RTV) on cognitive tasks requiring a speeded response is characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the association with RTV is strong phenotypically and genetically, yet high RTV is not a stable impairment but shows ADHD-sensitive improvement under certain conditions, such as those with rewards. The state regulation theory proposed that the RTV difference score, which captures change from baseline to a rewarded or fast condition, specifically measures ‘state regulation’. By contrast, the interpretation of RTV baseline (slow, unrewarded) scores is debated. We aimed to investigate directly…

Emotional and behavioral problems in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Impact of age and learning disabilities

2008

Comorbidity with other psychological problems (PP) complicates the course of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and makes treatment more difficult. The purpose of the present study was to (a) study the correspondence between the perceptions of parents and teachers about PP, (b) determine which PP predict the severity of the manifestations of ADHD, and (c) analyze the role of age and learning disabilities (LD) in the development of PP and ADHD. The participants were 72 children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. The PP were measured using rating scales filled out by parents and teachers. The results showed high correspondence between the two informant groups in rating the probl…

Health care and societal costs of the management of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain : a descriptive a…

2017

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in childhood (5.3% to 7.1% worldwide prevalence), with substantial overall financial burden to children/adolescents, their families, and society. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with ADHD in Spain, estimate the associated direct/indirect costs of the disorder, and assess whether the characteristics and financial costs differed between children/adolescents adequately responding to currently available pharmacotherapies compared with children/adolescents for whom pharmacotherapies failed. Methods This was a multicenter, cross-secti…

Maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and child attention outcomes: a cohort study with gene effect modification by PUFA-related genes

2019

Abstract Background There is a need to test the fetal programming theoretical framework in nutritional epidemiology. We evaluated whether maternal seafood intake during pregnancy was associated with 8-year-old attention outcomes after adjusting for previous child seafood intake and cognitive function. We also explored effect modification by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. Methods Our final analyses included 1644 mother-child pairs from the prospective INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort study (Spain, recruitment between 2003 and 2008). We used food frequency questionnaires to assess prenatal and postnatal seafood …

What’s in a name : the effect of category labels on teachers’ beliefs.

2019

In this paper, we report an investigation of the possible influence on teachers’ essentialist thinking and efficacy beliefs of category labels used to describe children’s educational difficulties. A 2x2x2 counterbalanced design was employed in which primary school teachers in Finland and the UK were exposed to vignettes that portrayed a child exhibiting difficulties in one of two domains: either behaviour or reading. Vignettes were presented in two versions. In one, the child was labelled as having either ‘ADHD’ or ‘Dyslexia’; in the alternate condition, no such label was ascribed, descriptions were identical in all other respects. Participating teachers were presented with two vignettes, o…

Evidence for shared environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits. A twin study

2019

Background and objectives: Behavior-genetic analyses have shown that measurements of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are genetically-influenced. In view of limited studies on ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Spanish samples, this study aims to explore the genetic architecture of ADHD symptoms; inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in a Spanish twin schoolchildren sample. Methods: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Symptoms of ADHD, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were assessed by means of a sub-scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Univariate twin models, according to sex, were run to assess the heritability of…

Conduct disorder and ADHD: evaluation of conduct problems as a categorical and quantitative trait in the international multicentre ADHD genetics stud…

2008

Contains fulltext : 71374.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typically characterized by inattention, excessive motor activity, impulsivity, and distractibility. Individuals with ADHD have significant impairment in family and peer relations, academic functioning, and show high co-morbidity with a wide range of psychiatric disorders including oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), anxiety disorder, depression, substance abuse, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Family studies suggest that ADHD + CD represents a specific subtype of the ADHD disorder with familial risk factors only partly overlapping with t…

Meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2008

Contains fulltext : 69243.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Genetic contribution to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established. Seven independent genome-wide linkage scans have been performed to map loci that increase the risk for ADHD. Although significant linkage signals were identified in some of the studies, there has been limited replications between the various independent datasets. The current study gathered the results from all seven of the ADHD linkage scans and performed a Genome Scan Meta Analysis (GSMA) to identify the genomic region with most consistent linkage evidence across the studies. Genome-wide significant linkage (P(S…