Search results for "hypersensitivity"

Lung microenvironments and disease progression in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

2022

Rationale: Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by sensitization to an inhaled allergen. Objectives: To identify the molecular determinants associated with progression of fibrosis. Methods: Nine fHP explant lungs and six unused donor lungs (as controls) were systematically sampled (4 samples/lung). According to microcomputed tomography measures, fHP cores were clustered into mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis groups. Gene expression profiles were assessed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, xCell, gene ontology, and structure enrichment analysis. Gene expression of the prevailing molecular traits was also compared with idiopathi…

Perioperative nonspecific histamine release : a new classification by aetiological mechanisms and evaluation of their clinical relevance

1993

As a consequence of the performance of a randomized controlled clinical trial on perioperative histamine release and cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances, several types of increases in plasma histamine had to be distinguished instead of only two which existed at the beginning of the study: drug-induced allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. First of all, the new classification by aetiology (clinical epidemiology) was derived from a meta-analysis (secondary analysis) of the most recent literature. According to that histamine release in the perioperative period has several, different causes and is involved in several, different disease manifestations. A clear distinction (classificatio…

Factors that influence exhaled nitric oxide in Italian schoolchildren

2008

Conflicting results exist about the meaning of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in epidemiologic studies, mainly because of the numerous factors that may affect the measurement.To evaluate the role of the factors that influence eNO levels in a sample of schoolchildren with or without respiratory diseases. We studied 335 schoolchildren, ages 10 to 16 years, from 8 schools in Palermo, Italy. After a respiratory questionnaire was completed, spirometry, skin tests, and eNO measurements were performed.Among 335 children, 13.7% reported symptoms of bronchial asthma, 46.9% reported symptoms of rhinitis, and 39.4% were asymptomatic. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capaci…

Clinical implications of airway hyper-responsiveness in COPD

2006

COPD represents one of the leading causes of mortality in the general population. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and COPD and its relevance for clinical practice. We performed a MEDLINE search that yielded a total of 1919 articles. Eligible studies were defined as articles that addressed specific aspects of AHR in COPD, such as prevalence, pathogenesis, or prognosis. AHR appears to be present in at least one out of two individuals with COPD. The occurrence of AHR in COPD is influenced by multiple mechanisms, among which impairment of factors that oppose airway narrowing plays an important role. The main determinants of AHR are reduct…

Efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonist in chronic urticaria. A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of treatment with montelukast and cet…

2001

Background The cause and pathogenesis of chronic urticaria are still poorly understood. IgE-independent reactions, are common in adult patients with chronic urticaria, who have daily spontaneous occurrence of weals. H1-receptor antagonists (antihistamines) are the major class of therapeutic agents used in the management of urticaria and angioedema. Nevertheless, chronic urticaria is often difficult to treat and may not be controlled by antihistamines alone. It has been postulated that mediators other than histamine, such as kinins, prostaglandin and leukotrienes, may be responsible for some of the symptoms in urticaria which are not controlled by antihistamines. In this study, which was ran…

A potential link between serum low-density lipoproteins and asthma

2015

Persistent cow's milk protein intolerance in infants: the changing faces of the same disease

1998

Background Recent research has shown that cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) often persists beyond 4 years of age. Aims To evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics of a group of infants with persistent CMPI. Patients and methods Twelve infants (6 m, 6f) with persistent CMPI were followed up from birth until a median age of 5 years. The patients underwent CMP challenge each year to evaluate CMP-tolerance. As controls we followed 26 infants (12 m, 14 f) with CMPI that resolved within 1–2 years. Results A family history of atopic disease was found in 10/12 patients with persistent CMPI and in 10/26 controls (P < 0.01). Clinical presentation changed over time: at onset symptom…

The effect of oxalate-based desensitizers on the microleakage and shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer

2017

Background The first line of intervention to alleviate tooth sensitivity is to use dentin desensitizers such as oxalate-based desensitizers. When the dentin sensitivity continues even after application of desensitizers the next intervention would be restoration of the lesion. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of prior application of oxalate-based desensitizer on the marginal microleakage and shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorations. Material and methods In order to prepare the specimens for microleakage test standard class v cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 45 teeth. The specimens were randomly divided into three equal gr…

T cell killing by tolerogenic dendritic cells protects mice from allergy.

2011

It is well established that allergy development can be prevented by repeated low-dose exposure to contact allergens. Exactly which immune mechanisms are responsible for this so-called low zone tolerance (LZT) is not clear, although CD8⁺ suppressor T cells are known to have a role. Here, we show that TNF released by tolerogenic CD11⁺CD8⁺ DCs located in skin-draining lymph nodes is required and sufficient for development of tolerance to contact allergens in mice. DC-derived TNF protected mice from contact allergy by inducing apoptosis in allergen-specific effector CD8⁺ T cells via TNF receptor 2 but did not contribute to the generation and function of the regulatory T cells associated with LZ…

Activity of O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase in mononuclear blood cells of formaldehyde-exposed medical students

1999

A recent study reported that exposure of student embalmers in Cincinnati to high concentrations of formaldehyde (2 mg/m3) reduced the activity of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Reduction in a DNA repair enzyme may strongly increase the cancer risk not only with respect to the repair-enzyme causing agent but with respect to all carcinogens causing lesions subject to repair by the enzyme in question. Thus, we examined whether formaldehyde exposure of 57 medical students during their anatomy course at two different Universities in Germany influenced MGMT activity in mononuclear blood cells. Mean formaldehyde exposure of 41 students was 0.2 +/- 0.05 mg/m3 …