Search results for "ideology"
showing 10 items of 417 documents
Intra-party heterogeneity in policy preferences and its effect on issue salience: Developing and applying a measure based on elite survey data
2017
Quantitative research on party politics often has to assume that parties are unitary actors with homogeneous policy preferences simply because intra-party heterogeneity is difficult to measure. This article proposes a measure of preference heterogeneity based on surveys of party elites. We draw on Comparative Candidates Survey (CCS) data from 28 elections in 21 developed democracies to quantify intra-party heterogeneity and validate this measure. The usefulness of the measure is demonstrated by studying the effects of intra-party heterogeneity on issue salience. We find support for the hypothesis that heterogeneity regarding a policy issue tends to be negatively associated with the emphasi…
Manifesto for the future of work and organizational psychology
2019
© 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This manifesto presents 10 recommendations for a sustainable future for the field of Work and Organizational Psychology. The manifesto is the result of an emerging movement around the Future of WOP (see www.futureofwop.com), which aims to bring together WOP-scholars committed to actively contribute to building a better future for our field. Our recommendations are intended to support both individuals and collectives to become actively engaged in co-creating the future of WOP together with us. Therefore, this manifesto is open and never “finished.” It should continuously evolve, based on an ongo…
Consumers’ neutralization strategies to counter normative pressure : The case of illegal downloading
2014
International audience; The process of neutralization of normative pressure by consumers, which allows the performance of deviant practices while maintaining the attachment to the norm, has not been sufficiently studied. Our analysis, in the case of illegal downloading, shows that consumers produce an autonomous discursive set, articulated around three defensive strategies (disempowerment as neutralizing, pragmatic neutralization, ideological neutralization) and accept internal contradiction.
Masculinity and Privileges: Acknowledge as a Potencial Articulator of Change
2021
El artículo que se presenta a continuación analiza discursivamente la percepción que los hombrestienen acerca de su situación de ventaja o privilegio (los dividendos patriarcales según Raewyn Connell, 1995) en tanto que varones y en un sistema de dominación como el patriarcado (en su momento actual). Se reflexiona desde la teoría y la empiria sobre su negación o reconocimiento y los mecanismos de investigación a través de los cuales podemos acceder a estas ideas y relatos en relación con los privilegios masculinos en los varones. Desde un punto de vista técnico-metodológico abordamos la complejidad deacceder a este tipo de conocimiento y algunas de las herramientas que desde la socioantropo…
Critical Theory Applied to Media Literacy
2019
Traditionally, one of the fundamental objectives of media literacy (ML) has been the development of the ability to exercise critical thinking about the media, unmask their “naturalness,” and bring to surface their ideologies and values. However, when we move from the abstract level of critical theory to the messy and complex practices enacted in educational contexts, this broad political goal, along with its claim about the “liberating” and “empowering” effect of the critical mind, is flawed with limitations and contradictions. Although the need remains—and is as urgent and vital as ever—to develop critical skills and attitudes, it is also necessary to graft critical theory onto the learnin…
From the Panopticon to the freedom to communicate in the city space
2022
The aim of this article is to explore the possible link existing between space, particularly city space, and disinformation. The examination of some points of transition and change in the structure of technologies and their exploitation by power systems and power games will help identify some of their characteristics, namely control, domination and defence. The urban and territorial spatial dimension is a relational environment produced in various ways by the government practices and policies of a city. Transformations of the city space are set in motion by decision- making power, and these in turn are dependent on public opinion, which can be influenced in various ways by forms of disinfor…
Freedom and pressure in self-disclosure
2013
Today there is great openness about breast cancer, and the current ideology is that this is considered positive. This article draws upon sociological and philosophical theories to explore psychological practices. We ask: do women experience as much freedom to not talk about their illness as they do to talk about it? Do they experience that not being open is as favourably valued as openness is? The article is based on an ethnographic study in which women have given detailed accounts of how, to whom and in which situations they have been open or closed about their illness. It shows that breast cancer sufferers do not always experience a real choice between withholding and sharing information.…
Robert Nozick and Axel Honneth: An attempt to shed light on mental health service in Norway through two diametrical philosophers.
2020
This article aims at giving insight into Norwegian mental health service by exploring the ideologies of two diametrical philosophers, the American Robert Nozick (1938-2002) and the German Axel Honneth (1949-). Nozick proposes as an ideal a minimal state in which citizens have a "negative right" to the absence of interference and to follow their own interests without restriction from the state. On the other side, Axel Honneth claims that there is no freedom without state interference. In his view, governmental involvement is understood as a prerequisite for personal freedom. We may call this state an opposite of the minimal state; a maximal state. To get a better understanding of these oppos…
Evolutionary biology and beliefs : how ideology can draw different social stances from science
2016
Agreeing that there are often strong connections between fields of science and the ideological convictions of those producing the science, this essay shows that the connections are often complex and rarely straightforward. Taking the example of evolutionary biology, by looking at three key figures ? Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace ? it is shown how very different social beliefs can lead to very different social conclusions being drawn from one?s science. It is argued that this message should be kept firmly in mind by those who today would draw social conclusions from science, for instance suggesting that Darwinian evolutionary biology leads straight to the social p…
Charles Darwin and ideology : rethinking the Darwinian revolution
2016
This short paper critiques the idea of any coherent Darwinian ideology. Charles Darwin himself did not adopt any obvious ideology, except perhaps that of anti-slavery. However, his published work, and that of other evolutionists, led to the emergence of social Darwinism. Herbert Spencer’s role in fostering social Darwinism, and the rise of eugenics, are briefly described. The connection, if any, between the historical figure of Darwin and the social movement that bears his name is discussed. While Darwin’s On the origin of species or The descent of man can hardly account for all the racial stereotyping, nationalism, or political bigotry seen in the half century after his death, there can be…