Search results for "inflammation"

Reply.

2019

Regarding the first question, however, we believe that there is a clear answer in the article itself. We stated, in the Methods section, that “the biopsy specimens were assessed in Palermo by 2 pathologists (G.G. and/or A.M.F.)”; the eosinophil count, which seems to be one of the most important findings of the study, “was further assessed by an experienced gastrointestinal pathologist (V.V.) in Brescia.” We also added that “all reviewers were blinded to the diet allocation and final diagnosis of each patient.” Consequently, the k value provided in the Results section referred to the agreement between the evaluation performed in Palermo and the evaluation performed in Brescia. No further det…

Preventive effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in alteration of colon mucus layer and reticulum endoplasmic stress induced by an obesogenic di…

2020

Obesity is now recognized as a real global epidemic affecting more than 650 million people worldwide.This chronic inflammatory disease is accompanied with intestinal alteration, including alteration of the colic mucus layer and an increase in stress of the endoplasmic colic reticulum, associated with microbiota dysbiosis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in n-3 are known for their anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties and appear to be a promising lead in the fight against metabolic and intestinal alterations induced by obesity.The objectives of this work was initially to determine whether tissue enrichment in n-3, in the fat-1 mouse model, prevent alterations of colon mucus layer in…

Costs and benefits of inflammation in host-parasite relationships

2016

Host-parasite interactions are characterized by trade-offs that involve both plastic and microevolutionary responses. On one hand, while immunity is essential to fight parasites, it can also cause damage to the host, leading to autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, parasites have to cope with the immune environnement provided by the host. This raises the question of the costs and benefits of the inflammatory response for the two partners of the interaction. With different experimental and literature-based approaches, I showed that immunopathology is a trait that likely persists because of the immediate benefits of the immune response in terms of protection against paras…

Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury.

2007

The knowledge of the pathophysiology after traumatic head injury is necessary for adequate and patient-oriented treatment. As the primary insult, which represents the direct mechanical damage, cannot be therapeutically influenced, target of the treatment is the limitation of the secondary damage (delayed non-mechanical damage). It is influenced by changes in cerebral blood flow (hypo- and hyperperfusion), impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation, cerebral metabolic dysfunction and inadequate cerebral oxygenation. Furthermore, excitotoxic cell damage and inflammation may lead to apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Understanding the multidimensional cascade of secondary brain injury offers…

Evaluation of antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of Indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica (L. Mill) fruit

2020

Cancer is a growing health problem around the world and according to estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths worldwide have been reported in 2012 (Ferlay et al., 2015). By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.7 million new cancer cases and 13 million cancer deaths simply due to the growth and aging of the population. Indicaxanthin ((2S)-2,3-dihydro-4-[2-[(2S)-2a-carboxypyrrolidin-1- yl]ethenyl]pyridine-2a,6-dicarboxylic acid), a betalain pigment from cactus pear fruit, has been the object of sound experimental work over the latest years. As many phytochemicals, indicaxanthin is a redox-ac…

Invertebrate Models in Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Research

2022

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the close functional and highly conserved link between innate immunity, homeostasis maintenance, inflammation, tissue remodeling and regeneration [...]

New Therapeutic Approaches against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration

2022

The Role of Inflammation in Lymphoma

2014

Human lymphomas usually develop in specialized tissue microenvironments characterized by different populations of accessory stromal and lymphoid cells that interact with malignant cells. A clinical role of the tumor microenvironment has recently emerged, bringing new knowledge and suggesting new ideas and targets for treatment. This chapter analyzes the microenvironment in human lymphomas highlighting the role of inflammation in their pathogenesis. Microenvironmental specificity is detailed according to different models including classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified and angioimmunoblastic T-ce…

Control of MicroRNA Expression as a New Way for Resveratrol To Deliver Its Beneficial Effects

2012

Grapes produce large amounts of polyphenols. Many of them accumulate in the skin, pulp, and seeds and are consequently found in wine. The health benefits of a moderate consumption of wine have been attributed at least in part to grape's polyphenols. Among them, resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin that stimulates plant cell defenses against infections and also plays protective roles in humans, where it delays cardiovascular alterations and exerts anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite numerous studies, the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol action are only partially understood. Given its pleiotropic effects, it was previously suggested that resveratrol protec…

Advocacy of targeting protease‐activated receptors in severe coronavirus disease 2019

2021

Identifying drug targets mitigating vascular dysfunction, thrombo-inflammation and thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 is essential. COVID-19 coagulopathy differs from sepsis coagulopathy. Factors that drive severe lung pathology and coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19 are not understood. Protein-protein interaction studies indicate that the tagged viral bait protein ORF9c directly interacts with PAR2, which modulates host cell IFN and inflammatory cytokines. In addition to direct interaction of SARS-CoV-2 viral protein with PARs, we speculate that activation of PAR by proteases plays a role in COVID-19-induced hyperinflammation. In COVID-19-associated coagulopathy elevated levels of…