Search results for "inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
The role of oxidative stress in pro-inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells on Ti6Al4V alloy
2013
Inflammation is an important step in the early phase of tissue regeneration around an implanted metallic orthopaedic device. However, prolonged inflammation, which can be induced by metallic corrosion products, can lead to aseptic loosening and implant failure. Cells in peri-implant tissue as well as metal corrosion can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, thus contributing to an oxidative microenvironment around an implant. Understanding cellular reactions to implant-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory activation is important to help prevent an adverse response to metallic materials. In an earlier study we have shown that endothelial cells grown on Ti6Al4V alloy are subjec…
Effect of virgin low density polyethylene microplastic ingestion on intestinal histopathology and microbiota of gilthead sea bream
2021
© 2021 The Authors.
Association between biomarkers of inflammation and left ventricular hypertrophy in moderate chronic kidney disease.
2007
Aims: Left ventricular hyper- trophy (LVH) is a predictor for cardiovascu- lar mortality, and it is considered to be a surro- gate marker of preclinical cardiovascular dis- ease. This study aimed at evaluating whether fetuin-A plasma levels are decreased in pa- tients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their linkage to plasma concentra- tions of hs-C-reactive protein (CRP), cardio- trophyn-1 (CT-1), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), propeptide of collagen Type I (PIP) and to LVH. Material and methods: We enrolled 64 moderate CKD and 55 essential hypertensives (EH) with normal renal func- tion as controls. All the patients underwent an echocardiographic examination; plasma sam- ples…
Inflammation is an amplifier of lung congestion by high lv filling pressure in hemodialysis patients: a longitudinal study
2019
Introduction Since infammation alters vascular permeability, including vascular permeability in the lung, we hypothesized that it can be an amplifer of lung congestion in a category of patients at high risk for pulmonary oedema like end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. Objective and methods We investigated the efect modifcation by systemic infammation (serum CRP) on the relationship between a surrogate of the flling pressure of the LV [left atrial volume indexed to the body surface area (LAVI)] and lung water in a series of 220 ESKD patients. Lung water was quantifed by the number of ultrasound B lines (US-B) on lung US. Six-hundred and three recordings were performed during a 2-year f…
Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis
2021
Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis critically depends on the interaction between neurons and glia cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as versatile messengers in CNS cell communication. EVs are released by neurons and glia in activity‐dependent manner and address multiple target cells within and outside the nervous system. Here, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the physiological roles of EVs in the nervous system and their ability to deliver signals across the CNS barriers. In addition to the disposal of cellular components via EVs and clearance by phagocytic cells, EVs are involved in plasticity‐associated processes, mediate trophic support a…
Neuroinvasion and Viral Reservoir in COVID-19.
2020
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a remarkably high transmissibility potential and sometimes invades the central nervous system (CNS). The study of the involvement of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of the disease is especially interesting. Currently, there are only three main theories about it: direct neuroinvasion; blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing and nicotinic hypothesis. Because of the rapid expansion of a virus that until now was unknown, it is necessary to know the mechanisms by which severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) generates the disease. The study of the involvement of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of the disease …
Complex regional pain syndrome-significant progress in understanding.
2015
Research into complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has made significant progress. First, there was the implementation of the official IASP "Budapest" diagnostic criteria. It would be desirable to also define exclusion and outcome criteria that should be reported in studies. The next step was to recognize the complex pathophysiology. After trauma, some inflammation is physiological; in acute CRPS, this inflammation persists for months. There is an abundance of inflammatory and a lack of anti-inflammatory mediators. This proinflammatory network (cytokines and probably also other mediators) sensitizes the peripheral and spinal nociceptive system, it facilitates the release of neuropeptides fr…
Neurons as targets for T cells in the nervous system
2013
International audience; Accumulating evidence shows that T cells penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in several autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative neurological diseases. The structural and functional consequences for CNS neurons of their encounter with activated T cells have been investigated in several experimental systems, including ex vivo co-cultures, electrophysiology, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review the modalities of neuron/T cell interactions. We substantiate the contention that T cells are directly responsible for neuronal damage in a large number of neurological diseases and discuss mechanisms of neuronal damage mediated by distinct T cell subsets, the …
Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in the nervous system.
2014
Information exchange executed by extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, is a newly described form of intercellular communication important in the development and physiology of neural systems. These vesicles can be released from cells, are packed with information including signaling proteins and both coding and regulatory RNAs, and can be taken up by target cells, thereby facilitating the transfer of multilevel information. Recent studies demonstrate their critical role in physiological processes, including nerve regeneration, synaptic function, and behavior. These vesicles also have a sinister role in the propagation of toxic amyloid proteins in neurodegenerative conditions, including …
Genetic Models of the Endocannabinoid System
2009
The endocannabinoid (ECB) system comprises cannabinoid receptors, ECBs and the whole machinery for the synthesis and degradation of ECBs. It has emerged as an important signalling system in the nervous system, controlling numerous physiological processes, including synaptic transmission, learning and memory, reward, feeding, neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, and neural development. This system is also implicated in various diseases of the nervous system, and thus has become a promising therapeutic target. The use of genetically modified mice has contributed crucially to our rapidly expanding knowledge of the ECB system. In this chapter, the existing mouse mutants targeting the ECB system …