Search results for "interactions"
showing 10 items of 1963 documents
Aroma compounds to rescue the taste of healthy foods and beverages
2016
Aroma compounds to rescue the taste of healthy foods and beverages. 252. American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition
Exploring the diversity of listeria monocytogenes biofilm architecture by high-throughput confocal laser scanning microscopy and the predominance of …
2015
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is involved in food-borne illness with a high mortality rate. The persistence of the pathogen along the food chain can be associated with its ability to form biofilms on inert surfaces. While most of the phenotypes associated with biofilms are related to their spatial organization, most published data comparing biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes isolates are based on the quantitative crystal violet assay, which does not give access to structural information. Using a high-throughput confocal-imaging approach, the aim of this work was to decipher the structural diversity of biofilms formed by 96 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from various environments. Pr…
Persistent establishment of a tropical disease in Europe: the preadaptation of schistosomes to overwinter
2019
International audience; Background: Global changes promote the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. In this context, tropical uro-genital schistosomiasis is now permanently established in Corsica since its first emergence in 2013. The local persistence of the tropical pathogens (schistosomes) responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis at such latitudes might be explained by (i) the presence of its intermediate host, the snail Bulinus truncatus, (ii) the recurrent local reseeding of schistosomes by their vertebrate hosts (either human or animal) every summer, and/or (iii) the maintenance and survival of schistosomes within their snail hosts over winter.Methods: In this study we conducted…
Chlorine flavor perception and neutralization in drinking water
2010
For water suppliers, using chlorine is necessary to ensure water bacteriological quality from the treatment plant to the consumers’ tap. However, chlorine flavour is one of the most common reasons advocated for choosing tap water alternatives as drinking water. As a consequence, the putative link between chlorine flavour perception and tap water consumption is an issue in drinking water habits studies. Since the sensory mechanisms involved in chlorine flavour perception remained largely unknown, the main objective of this thesis work was to first highlight those mechanisms and then to identify potential lever chlorine flavour sensory neutralisation.In a first step, we demonstrated that hypo…
Monitoring of mixed culture fermentations
2022
Current and future constraints linked to climate change and evolution of wine consumer demand are prompting the winemaking industry to consider adopting new practices to address the technical challenges resulting from this context. These challenges include the need to maintain a constant alcohol level despite increased sugar contents in the must, and to seek a wider diversity of aromatic profiles, while maintaining acceptable reproducibility.Fermentations with addition of non-Saccharomyces yeasts to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species traditionally used to conduct alcoholic fermentation seem to be an interesting alternative to achieve these objectives. However, the numerous interactions be…
Study of microbial dynamics for the control of Kombucha production
2021
Kombucha is a fermented beverage obtained from the transformation of sugared tea infusion through the activity of a consortium of yeasts and bacteria, during which a cellulosic biofilm is formed. The study of microbial interaction that occur in this matrix aims at improving the control over the production process at industrial scale. The methodology used in this work is mainly based on the isolation and selection of yeasts and acetic acid bacteria from a determined kombucha consortium. The selected microorganisms are then used to inoculate monocultures and cocultures in sugared black tea. Different parameters were followed at the microbiological level (population counts, composition in gene…
Synchronie entre l'offre et la demande dans le cycle des nutriments: apprendre des écosystèmes naturels pour construire des agrosystèmes durables
2023
Redesigning agrosystems with more ecological regulations can help feed a growing population, preserve soils for future productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, guidelines for redesigning agrosystems from natural systems are limited. Reviewing the last knowledge of ecosystem functioning, we outlined four ecological systems synchronizing the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota to fluctuating plant nutrient demand. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrient, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. We detail how ecological systems promoting synchrony can be ins…
Etude des interactions plantes-microbes et microbes-microbes au sein de la rhizosphère, sous un aspect coûts-bénéfices, dans un contexte de variation…
2013
Understanding the interactions that bind plants and soil microorganisms is an essential step for the sustainable management of ecosystems, especially in agriculture. The ecosystem services resulting from such interactions include plant productivity which responds, in part, to the food requirements of the world's population and the regulation of biogeochemical cycles. These ecosystem services depend on trophic links between the two partners in the interaction and can be represented by a tradeoff between the costs and benefits for each partner. Plants, being autotrophic organisms or primary producers, are key organisms which introduce carbon into the ecosystem, through photosynthesis. Part of…
Impacts of climate change on the performance of an insect pest and associated consequences for tritrophic interactions
2019
Global warming poses a major challenge to living organisms, particularly for ectothermic animals like insects, whose physiology and behaviour are closely related with direct thermal surroundings. This thesis aims at experimentally investigating the impacts of climate change on the overall performance of a major grapevine pest, the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana), and the associated consequences for interactions involving this phytophagous insect and adjacent trophic levels, more specifically natural enemies (parasitoids). The experiments conducted focus on three facets of climate change: an increase in mean temperature, an alteration of daily thermal range, and the occurrence of h…
Les comportements préalables à la prise lactée chez le souriceau : caractérisation de sécrétions maternelles réactogènes et implication de l'expérien…
2012
Birth is one of the most delicate periods mammalian infants have to deal with. Newborns have then to adapt physiologically and behaviorally to the aerial environment, and one of their first challenges is to ingest colostrum and milk. It is paradoxical that the survival of pups is conditioned by the success of this first suckling, and that we have so little understanding of the stimuli that underlie and promote it. Thus, the present work aims to contribute to answer how immature and naïve newborns do manage to orient to a nipple, to grasp it, and to suckle efficiently? This general issue will be addressed in the mouse in focusing on: i) the nature of the chemical substrates that newborn mice…