Search results for "interactions"

Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlie Bacillus thuringiensis killing mechanism

2016

Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops. Surprisingly, the killing mechanism of B. thuringiensis remains controversial. In particular, the importance of the septicemia induced by the host midgut microbiota is still debated as a result of the lack of experimental evidence obtained without drastic manipulation of the midgut and its content. Here this key issue is addressed by RNAi-mediated silencing of an immune gene in a lepidopteran host Spodoptera littoralis, leaving the midgut microbiota unaltered. The resulting cellular immunosuppression was characterized by a reduced …

Analysis of Early Host Responses for Asymptomatic Disease Detection and Management of Specialty Crops

2010

The rapid and unabated spread of vector-borne diseases within US specialty crops threatens our agriculture, our economy, and the livelihood of growers and farm workers. Early detection of vector-borne pathogens is an essential step for the accurate surveillance and management of vector-borne diseases of specialty crops. Currently, we lack the tools that would detect the infectious agent at early (primary) stages of infection with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we outline a strategy for developing an integrated suite of platform technologies to enable rapid, early disease detection and diagnosis of huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease. The re…

Magnetic Molecular Conductors Based on Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) and the Tris(chlorocyananilato)ferrate(III) Complex

2019

Electrocrystallization of the bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) organic donor in the presence of the [Fe(ClCNAn)3]3– tris(chlorocyananilato)ferrate(III) paramagnetic anion in different stoichiometric ratios and solvent mixtures afforded two different hybrid systems formulated as [BEDT-TTF]4[Fe(ClCNAn)3]·3H2O (1) and [BEDT-TTF]5[Fe(ClCNAn)3]2·2CH3CN (2) (An = anilato). Compounds 1 and 2 present unusual structures without the typical segregated organic and inorganic layers, where layers of 1 are formed by Λ and Δ enantiomers of the anionic paramagnetic complex together with mixed-valence BEDT-TTF tetramers, while layers of 2 are formed by Λ and Δ enantiomers of the paramagnetic…

Metallophilic interactions in polymeric group 11 thiols

2016

Three polymeric group 11 transition metal polymers featuring metallophilic interactions were obtained directly via self-assembly of metal ions and 4-pyridinethiol ligands. In the cationic [Cu2(S-pyH)4]n2+ with [ZnCl4]n2− counterion (1) and in the neutral [Ag(S-py) (S-pyH)]n (2) 4-pyridinethiol (S-pyH) and its deprotonated form (S-py) are coordinated through the sulfur atom. Both ligands are acting as bridging ligands linking the metal centers together. In the solid state, the gold(I) polymer [Au(S-pyH)2]Cl (3) consists of the repeating cationic [Au(S-pyH)2]+ units held together by aurophilic interactions. Compound 1 is a zig-zag chain, whereas the metal chains in the structures of 2 and 3 a…

Global and local interactions in football : the changing field of professional football stadiums in Finland and Hungary in the 2000s

2018

This article aims to increase understanding of the global-local contexts in football by exploring the changing field of professional football stadiums in Finland and Hungary in the 2000s. More specifically, the cases of two clubs, HJK (Finland) and Ferencvárosi TC (Hungary) are studied. We employ concepts of sport and globalization. The research data consist of semi-structured expert interviews with Finnish and Hungarian football practitioners, media and club documents, and data from observation. The results suggest that interactions of global and local forces are reflected in the development and operation of stadiums. On the one hand, international and national governing bodies have streng…

Binding properties of mono-6-amino-beta-cyclodextrin towards p-nitroaniline derivatives: a polarimetric study

Pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz and ketoconazole in rats

2009

It is well known that efavirenz and ketoconazole act as an inducer and inhibitor of CYP3A4, respectively. As a result of these actions, co-administration of these drugs may result in changes in the pharmacoki- netic parameters of one or both of them. 2. Duodenum-cannulated rats have been used to compare the effect of intraduodenal (KC i.d. ) and intrave- nous administration of ketoconazole (KC i.v. ) on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz after intraduodenal administration, as well as the potential effect of efavirenz as a CYP450 inducer on ketoconazole phar - macokinetic profile. 3. While KC i.v. did not show any significant effect on efavirenz pharmacokinetic profile, KC i.d. increased sig-…

Inhibition of Efavirenz Metabolism by Sertraline and Nortriptyline and Their Effect on Efavirenz Plasma Concentrations.

2015

ABSTRACT Between 22 and 45% of HIV-positive subjects are likely to report symptoms of depression. Considering this background, a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) and two antidepressants, sertraline (SRT) and nortriptyline (NT), was studied. Rats were administered EFV alone or together with the antidepressants, and changes in the plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of EFV were analyzed. Additional in vitro experiments with rat and human hepatic microsomes were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SRT and NT on EFV metabolism by determining the formation rate of the major EFV metabolite (8-OH-E…

The differentiation antigen NY-BR-1 is a potential target for antibody-based therapies in breast cancer

2007

Antibody-based cancer immunotherapy relies on the identification and characterization of target antigens and the development of potent antibodies recognizing the target. Here we report the expression analysis and molecular characterization of the differentiation antigen NY-BR-1, which we previously identified by using the SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries) method. Corroborating methodologies, including mRNA quantitation and immunoblotting show that NY-BR-1 is strongly expressed in >70% of 129 breast tumors. Application of a NY-BR-1 specific antibody demonstrated NY-BR-1 expression in primary and metastastic breast cancers. In contrast, most of the breast c…

Intracellular route of canine parvovirus entry.

1998

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the endocytic pathway involved in canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. Reduced temperature (18°C) or the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole was found to inhibit productive infection of canine A72 cells by CPV and caused CPV to be retained in cytoplasmic vesicles as indicated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Consistent with previously published results, these data indicate that CPV enters a host cell via an endocytic route and further suggest that microtubule-dependent delivery of CPV to late endosomes is required for productive infection. Cytoplasmic microinjection of CPV particles was used to circumvent the endocytosis and membr…