Search results for "interface"
showing 10 items of 2139 documents
Chemical effect on the XPS spectra of the valence band and on O KLL and Pd MNN Auger spectra in pumice-supported catalysts
1992
X-ray photoelectron spectra of the valence band and X-ray-excited O KLL Auger transition of pumice-supported Pd and Pt catalysts have been obtained and compared to the corresponding spectra of pumice (a naturally occurring amorphous aluminosilicate). The changes observed indicate interaction between metal and support. The valence region of the catalysts consists of three large peaks: one due to the d band of the metals and the other to the O 2p non-bonding orbitals and bonding-type orbitals formed by a mixing of the atomic orbitals (O 2p, Si 3s and Si 3p) of oxygen and silicon from the support. The intensity decrease of the component due to the bonding orbitals, observed in the catalyst spe…
Surface versus bulk composition of a phosphate glass
1994
Transmission and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy as well as photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to study alterations of the surface layer of an iron containing industrial phosphate glass as compared with its bulk. In the surface layer, after polishing and exposure to ambient atmosphere, Fe 2+ is partially oxidized to Fe 3+ . This oxidation, however, does not increase the O/P ratio in this layer, because it goes along with a strong leaching of network modifiers. This leaching leads to a net decrease of the O/P ratio because it overcompensates the relative oxygen increase by Fe 2+ oxidation and by uptake of water
Electronic structure of adsorbed organic molecules
1997
We report on investigations of chiral organic molecules in the gas phase and physisorbed on graphite. The measurements were carried out by means of angle-resolving VUV photoelectron spectroscopy. The emission from specific orbitals in oriented molecules can be forbidden because of dipole selection rules. Due to the lack of certain features in the spectra, it was possible to determine the adsorption geometry of cyclohexanone and camphor as being with their ring system parallel to the surface. By comparison of gas-phase and adsorbate spectra of ethyl benzene derivatives, adsorption could be proved to be molecular without decomposition. For amino acids on graphite, the occurrence of characteri…
Low-temperature molecular layer deposition using monifunctional aromatic precursors and ozone-based ring-opening reactions
2017
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is an increasingly used deposition technique for producing thin coatings consisting of purely organic or hybrid inorganic-organic materials. When organic materials are prepared, low deposition temperatures are often required to avoid decomposition, thus causing problems with low vapor pressure precursors. Monofunctional compounds have higher vapor pressures than traditional bi- or trifunctional MLD precursors, but do not offer the required functional groups for continuing the MLD growth in subsequent deposition cycles. In this study, we have used high vapor pressure monofunctional aromatic precursors in combination with ozone-triggered ring-opening reactions…
Market Polarization due to Difference in Interface Implementation Efforts
2009
Another factor potentially affecting the evolution of the OSS/BSS software market is the high complexity of software interfaces. The software provided to a customer – a CSP – needs to be integrated with a number of heterogeneous subsystems deployed by the customer. If the number of integration interfaces is high, a vast amount of special knowledge is needed in the vendor organization. High integration efforts also take up the time of the compentent employees of the vendor organization, thereby reducing the number of customers which it is capable of serving. As a result, only few large vendors can compete in such market, and, due to a lack of competition, the evolution towards a horizontaliz…
Thiopeptide-Supported Lipid Layers on Solid Substrates
1997
The sequential layer-by-layer formation of peptide-supported bimolecular lipid membranes at solid supports is described. In the first step, thiol-derivatized peptide sequences of 5 and 7 amino acids are assembled on a Au substrate. After activation of their COOH-terminus phospholipid molecules (DMPE) are covalently attached via an amid bond to form a tethered monolayer on the Au electrode. The different preparation steps are analyzed by Fourier transform IR, X-ray reflectometry, and surface plasmon spectroscopy. The latter technique is then also used to on-line monitor at the solid/solution interface the formation of a bilayer by fusion of vesicles prepared from a fluid lipid mixture with a…
Virtual Reality Simulator Training of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies — A Systematic Review
2012
Background and Aims: Simulators are widely used in occupations where practice in authentic environments would involve high human or economic risks. Surgical procedures can be simulated by increasingly complex and expensive techniques. This review gives an update on computer-based virtual reality (VR) simulators in training for laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Materials and Methods: From leading databases (Medline, Cochrane, Embase), randomised or controlled trials and the latest systematic reviews were systematically searched and reviewed. Twelve randomised trials involving simulators were identified and analysed, as well as four controlled studies. Furthermore, seven studies comparing black…
Convolutional architectures for virtual screening
2020
Abstract Background A Virtual Screening algorithm has to adapt to the different stages of this process. Early screening needs to ensure that all bioactive compounds are ranked in the first positions despite of the number of false positives, while a second screening round is aimed at increasing the prediction accuracy. Results A novel CNN architecture is presented to this aim, which predicts bioactivity of candidate compounds on CDK1 using a combination of molecular fingerprints as their vector representation, and has been trained suitably to achieve good results as regards both enrichment factor and accuracy in different screening modes (98.55% accuracy in active-only selection, and 98.88% …
Visions for regenerative medicine: interface between scientific fact and science fiction.
2006
This article gives a brief overview of the authors' views on the future development of tissue engineering with respect to the challenges both to the materials and life sciences. Emphasis will be placed on the advantages of three-dimensional bioresorbable polymers in combination with relevant molecular cues and the application of autologous stem or progenitor cells. There is a requirement for much more diversity in the synthesis of so-called "intelligent" materials, which respond to external stimuli, as well as the development of novel drug and gene delivery systems. In addition, much more basic research is necessary in developmental biology and the application of modern cell and molecular b…
Task-based visual analytics for interactive multiobjective optimization
2020
We study how visual interaction techniques considered in visual analytics can be utilized when implementing interactive multiobjective optimization methods, where a decision maker iteratively participates in the solution process. We want to benefit from previous research and avoid re-inventing ideas. Our aim is to widen awareness and increase the applicability of interactive methods for solving real-world problems. As a concrete approach, we introduce seven high-level tasks that are relevant for interactive methods. These high-level tasks are based on low-level tasks proposed in the visual analytics literature. In addition, we give an example on how the high-level tasks can be implemented a…