Search results for "interleukin"

Insect venom immunotherapy induces interleukin-10 production and a Th2-to-Th1 shift, and changes surface marker expression in venom-allergic subjects.

1997

Abstract The current study was carried out to elucidate the immunoregulatory changes induced by venom immunotherapy (VIT) in bee or wasp allergic subjects. All subjects included in this study had a history of severe systemic allergic reactions to stings of the respective insect as well as positive skin tests with the respective venom or venom-specific IgE in the sera. Parameters assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after initiation of VIT (rush therapy reaching a maintenance dose of 100 micrograms venom injected subcutaneously within 1 week) were expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CD45RO, interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (R) alpha, IL-4R, IL-12R, Fc epsilon RII, CD4…

IL-6 trans-Signaling

2004

The molecular consequence of the fever response has been illuminated by a recent study showing that a temperature shift to 40 degrees C resulted in increased leukocyte adhesion to tissue sections, which was mediated by L-selectin activation in lymphocytes. This L-selectin activation during heat responses was dependent on IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6R.

Tick Salivary Sialostatin L Represses the Initiation of Immune Responses by Targeting IRF4-Dependent Transcription in Murine Mast Cells

2015

Abstract Coevolution of ticks and the vertebrate immune system has led to the development of immunosuppressive molecules that prevent immediate response of skin-resident immune cells to quickly fend off the parasite. In this article, we demonstrate that the tick-derived immunosuppressor sialostatin L restrains IL-9 production by mast cells, whereas degranulation and IL-6 expression are both unaffected. In addition, the expression of IL-1β and IRF4 is strongly reduced in the presence of sialostatin L. Correspondingly, IRF4- or IL-1R–deficient mast cells exhibit a strong impairment in IL-9 production, demonstrating the importance of IRF4 and IL-1 in the regulation of the Il9 locus in mast cel…

T-bet and mucosal Th1 responses in the gastrointestinal tract

2002

T cells play an essential role in regulating mucosal immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent observations on T helper cell differentiation and activation by regulatory transcription factors-especially T-bet-in chronic inflammatory diseases have provided new perspectives for understanding mucosal immunity. Here we summarise recent advances in the field of transcription factors and discuss the implications of these findings for future therapeutic approaches in inflammatory bowel diseases. In particular, we have focused on the role of T-bet in controlling mucosal Th1 responses in the gastrointestinal tract.

Beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol reduce oxidative/nitrosative stress generated by cigarette smoke extracts and IL-17A in human bronchial ep…

2013

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), cigarette smoke and oxidative/nitrosative stress are involved in inflammatory airway diseases, and the mechanisms behind these processes are still poorly understood. We investigated whether recombinant human IL-17A (rhIL-17A), in combination with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE), increases the levels of inducibile nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine (NT) and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), formoterol and their combination was also evaluated. We demonstrated that rhIL-17A or CSE alone increa…

Interleukin-4 induces secretion of CSF for granulocytes and CSF for macrophages by peripheral blood monocytes.

1989

Abstract T cells are known to interact cooperatively with monocytes to produce Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF), although T cell-mediated signals leading to CSF secretion by monocytes are not completely understood. We have made use of Northern blot hybridization and specific bioassays to study the effects of the T cell product interleukin-4 (IL-4) on monocyte CSF expression. The results suggest a previously unrecognized role of IL-4 as a CSF inducer since exposure of monocytes to IL-4 resulted in accumulation of transcripts for granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF). Consequently, IL-4-activated monocytes released factors in their culture supernatants biologically and antigenica…

Activation and methotrexate-mediated suppression of the TNF alpha promoter in T cells and macrophages.

1998

The Streptococcal Exotoxin Streptolysin O Activates Mast Cells To Produce Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase- and Pr…

2003

ABSTRACTStreptolysin O (SLO), a major virulence factor of pyogenic streptococci, binds to cholesterol in the membranes of eukaryotic cells and oligomerizes to form large transmembrane pores. While high toxin doses are rapidly cytocidal, low doses are tolerated because a limited number of lesions can be resealed. Here, we report that at sublethal doses, SLO activates primary murine bone marrow-derived mast cells to degranulate and to rapidly induce or enhance the production of several cytokine mRNAs, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Mast cell-derived TNF-α plays an important protective role in murine models of acute inflammation, and the production of this cytokine was analyzed…

Dendritic cell-derived IL-12p40 homodimer contributes to susceptibility in cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice

2007

Abstract Protection against Leishmania major in resistant C57BL/6 mice is mediated by Th1 cells, whereas susceptibility in BALB/c mice is the result of Th2 development. IL-12 release by L. major-infected dendritic cells (DC) is critically involved in differentiation of Th1 cells. Previously, we reported that strain differences in the production of DC-derived factors, e.g., IL-1αβ, are in part responsible for disparate disease outcome. In the present study, we analyzed the release of IL-12 from DC in more detail. Stimulated DC from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice released comparable amounts of IL-12p40 and p70. In the absence of IL-4, BALB/c DC produced significantly more IL-12p40 than C57BL/6 DC. D…

Interleukin-7 matures suppressive CD127(+) forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)(+) T cells into CD127(-) CD25(high) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells.

2011

We have identified a novel interleukin (IL)-7-responsive T cell population [forkhead box P3 (FoxP3(+) ) CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) ] that is comparably functionally suppressive to conventional FoxP3(+) CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs) ). Although IL-2 is the most critical cytokine for thymic development of FoxP3(+) T(regs) , in the periphery other cytokines can be compensatory. CD25(+) CD127(+) T cells treated with IL-7 phenotypically 'matured' into the known 'classical' FoxP3(+) CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(-) FoxP3(+) T(regs) . In freshly isolated splenocytes, the highest level of FoxP3 expression was found in CD127(+) CD25(+) T cells when compared with CD127(-) CD25(+) or CD127(+) CD25…