Search results for "interleukin"
showing 10 items of 1856 documents
Effects of Cytokines on the Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules by Cultured Human Omental Mesothelial Cells
1995
Cultured mesothelial cells (HOMES) are very responsive to the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are known to play an important role, because they are presented by diverse cell types, for example endothelial cells (ECs), and interact with co-responding ligands on white blood cell membranes. In this study, the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin as well as PECAM-1 on cultured HOMES was studied over 5, 24, 48 and 72 h exposure to IL-1 beta, interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha. In previous studies we have shown that IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha increase the expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1 on the cytopl…
Regulation of the type II oncostatin M receptor expression in lung-derived epithelial cells
1998
AbstractOncostatin M (OSM) is a potent modulator of human lung-derived epithelial cell function. This cytokine binds two distinct receptor complexes: type I OSM receptor which is also a functional receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and type II OSM-specific receptor. The role of these two distinct receptors in mediating the response of individual cell types to OSM has not been delineated. In contrast to LIF, OSM induces synthesis of α1-antichymotrypsin and α1-antiproteinase inhibitor in lung-derived epithelial cells. The differential responsiveness to LIF and OSM suggested that the response of lung epithelial cells to OSM may be mediated by the OSM-specific receptor. Therefore, w…
The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 is required for the generation of protective effector CD8 + T cells
2013
Robust cytotoxic CD8 + T-cell response is important for immunity to intracellular pathogens. Here, we show that the transcription factor IFN Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) is crucial for the protective CD8 + T-cell response to the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes . IRF4-deficient ( Irf4 −/− ) mice could not clear L. monocytogenes infection and generated decreased numbers of L. monocytogenes -specific CD8 + T cells with impaired effector phenotype and function. Transfer of wild-type CD8 + T cells into Irf4 −/− mice improved bacterial clearance, suggesting an intrinsic defect of CD8 + T cells in Irf4 −/− mice. Following transfer into wild-type recipients, Irf4 −/− CD8 + T cells bec…
Rapid Differentiation of a Rare Subset of Adult Human Lin−CD34−CD38− Cells Stimulated by Multiple Growth Factors In Vitro
1999
Recently, several reports of lineage-negative (lin(-)) CD34(-) cells with in vivo hematopoietic activity have focused interest on the properties and growth factor response characteristics of these cells. We have now identified a combination of 5 growth factors that are necessary and sufficient to stimulate a marked mitogenic and differentiation response by a subset of human lin(-)CD34(-)CD38(-) cells present in normal adult human marrow and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized blood. Less than 0.1% of the cells in highly purified (including doubly sorted) lin(-)CD34(-)CD38(-) cells from these 2 sources formed colonies directly in semisolid medium or generated such cells a…
Th9 cells, new players in adaptive immunity.
2014
Upon antigen-specific stimulation, naive CD4⁺ T cells have the potential to differentiate into various T helper (Th) cell subsets. Earlier models of Th cell differentiation focused on IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells and IL-4-secreting Th2 cells. The discovery of additional CD4⁺ Th cell subsets has extended our understanding of Th cell differentiation beyond this dichotomy. Among these is the recently described Th9 cell subset, which preferentially produces interleukin (IL)-9. Here, we review the latest developments in Th9 cell development and differentiation, focusing on contributing environmental signals, and discuss potential physiological and pathophysiological functions of these cells. We des…
Differentiation of Type 1 ILCs from a Common Progenitor to All Helper-like Innate Lymphoid Cell Lineages
2014
SummaryInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently recognized group of lymphocytes that have important functions in protecting epithelial barriers against infections and in maintaining organ homeostasis. ILCs have been categorized into three distinct groups, transcriptional circuitry and effector functions of which strikingly resemble the various T helper cell subsets. Here, we identify a common, Id2-expressing progenitor to all interleukin 7 receptor-expressing, “helper-like” ILC lineages, the CHILP. Interestingly, the CHILP differentiated into ILC2 and ILC3 lineages, but not into conventional natural killer (cNK) cells that have been considered an ILC1 subset. Instead, the CHILP gave rise…
Temporal Monitoring of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelial Cells Using Microfluidics
2015
The airway epithelium is exposed to a variety of harmful agents during breathing and appropriate cellular responses are essential to maintain tissue homeostasis. Recent evidence has highlighted the contribution of epithelial barrier dysfunction in the development of many chronic respiratory diseases. Despite intense research efforts, the responses of the airway barrier to environmental agents are not fully understood, mainly due to lack of suitable in vitro models that recapitulate the complex in vivo situation accurately. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we describe a novel dynamic 3D in vitro model of the airway epithelium, incorporating fully differentiated primary human airway epith…
Candida albicans triggers proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by a MyD88-dependent signaling.
2009
As TLRs are expressed by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, these receptors may play a role in hematopoiesis in response to pathogens during infection. We showed here that inactivated yeasts and hyphae of Candida albicans induce in vitro the proliferation of purified murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (Lin(-)c-Kit(+) Sca-1(+)) as well as their differentiation to lineage positive cells, through a MyD88-dependent pathway. These results indicate that TLR-mediated recognition of C. albicans by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells may augment the host capability for rapidly replenishing the innate immune system during candidiasis.
Extramedullary Expansion of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Interleukin (IL)-6–sIL-6R Double Transgenic Mice
1997
Soluble cytokine receptors modulate the activity of their cognate ligands. Interleukin (IL)-6 in association with the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) can activate cells expressing the gp130 signal transducer lacking the specific IL-6R. To investigate the function of the IL-6–sIL-6R complex in vivo and to discriminate the function of the IL-6–sIL-6R complex from the function of IL-6 alone, we have established a transgenic mouse model. Double-transgenic mice coexpressing IL-6 and sIL-6R were generated and compared with IL-6 and sIL-6R single-transgenic mice. The main phenotype found in IL-6–sIL-6R mice was a dramatic increase of extramedullary hematopoietic progenitor cells in liver and spleen…
Requirements for Th1-dependent immunity against infection with Leishmania major
2004
Protective immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis is dependent on the induction of Th1/Tc1 immune responses resulting in efficient parasite elimination. In this review, the mechanisms leading to protection are discussed with special focus on the role of Leishmania major-infected dendritic cells (DC) in induction of Th1-dependent immunity. Murine strain-dependent differences between DC derived from Leishmania-susceptible as compared to resistant mice are highlighted.