Search results for "jel:I1"
showing 10 items of 11 documents
Long-term health effects on the next generation of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy
2011
Each year, many pregnant women fast from dawn to sunset during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. Medical theory suggests that this may have negative long-term health effects on their offspring. Building upon the work of Almond and Mazumder (2008), and using Indonesian crosssectional data, I show that people who were exposed to Ramadan fasting during their mother's pregnancy have a poorer general health and are sick more often than people who were not exposed. This effect is especially pronounced among older people, who, when exposed, also report health problems more often that are indicative of coronary heart problems and type 2 diabetes. The exposed are a bit smaller in body size and weig…
Testing For Asymmetric Information In Insurance Markets With Unobservable Types
2008
In two important recent papers, Finkelstein and McGarry [25] and Finkelstein and Poterba [28] propose a new test for asymmetric information in insurance markets that considers explicitly unobserved heterogeneity in insurance demand. In this paper we propose an alternative implementation of the Finkelstein-McGarry-Poterba test based on the identification of unobservable types by use of finite mixture models. The actual implementation of our test follows some recent advances on marginal modelling as applied to latent class analysis; formal testing procedures for the null of asymmetric information and for the hypothesis that private information is indeed multidimensional can be performed by im…
Biomarkers and Long-Term Labour Market Outcomes: The Case of Creatine
2014
I evaluate the impact of the UK Working Time Regulations 1998, which introduced mandatory paid holiday entitlement. The regulation gave (nearly) all workers the right to a minimum of 4 weeks of paid holiday per a year. With constant weekly pay this change amounts effectively to an increase in the real hourly wage of about 8.5% for someone going from 0 to 4 weeks paid holiday per year, which should lead to adjustments in employment. For employees I use complementary log-log regression to account for right-censoring of employment spells. I find no increase in the hazard to exit employment within a year after treatment. Adjustments in wages cannot explain this result as they are increasing for…
Infected persons by the fact of a public organism : is a fair compensation by the community realistic ? A graph-theory pproach
1999
The paper focuses on indirectly infected persons (persons infected by a person, infected by a person, etc., itself infected by a public organism, for AIDS, hepatitis C, etc.). It is assumed that fairness implies the national community to indemnify them. Graph theory is used to explain what is indirect infection. The concept of chains of infection, and their length is central. Re-infections are considered also because even individuals that are initially infected by another cause could become later indirectly infected by the public agent. The number of persons to be indemnified is larger than for direct infection, so the cost of compensation is higher, unless if compensation per capita is low…
THE EFFECTS OF PEOPLES’ HEIGHT AND RELATIVE HEIGHT ON WELL-BEING
2011
Using a rich Italian survey, we investigate the effect of height on individual happiness. From our analysis it emerges that a large part of the effect of height on well-being is driven by a positive correlation between height and economic and health conditions. However, for young males the effect of height on happiness persists even after controlling for these variables, implying that height may produce some psycho-social direct effects on well-being. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that males care not only about their own height but also about the height of people in their reference group. Well-being is greater for individuals who are taller than other subjects in their reference …
Perception du risque dépendance et demande d'assurance : une analyse à partir de l'enquête PATER
2013
Dans la littérature économique, de nombreux travaux tentent d'expliquer pourquoi les individus s’assurent aussi peu contre la dépendance. Du côté de l’offre, différents freins possibles au développement du marché de l’assurance dépendance ont d’ores et déjà été pointés du doigt par la littérature. Les estimations récentes montrent néanmoins que les limites imputables à l’offre ne suffisent pas à expliquer le faible développement du marché : même si les assurances étaient moins coûteuses et les couvertures proposées plus larges, la majorité des individus ne souscrirait toujours pas d’assurance. Il est donc nécessaire d’aller trouver des explications du côté de la demande d’assurance dépendan…
La gouvernance hospitalière : quelques réflexions à partir de la gouvernance d'entreprise
2010
La transposition de la problématique de la gouvernance d’entreprise à la gouvernance hospitalière conduit à étudier les éventuels liens de causalité entre les systèmes de gouvernance visant à réguler les comportements des dirigeants de l’hôpital et la performance de ce type d’organisation. L’objectif de cet article est à la lumière de l’organisation des hôpitaux dans le contexte français associé à la récente réforme HPST (1) de préciser ce que peut être une gouvernance hospitalière dans cette perspective ; (2) d’analyser la question de la latitude managériale en fonction de la structuration des pouvoirs dans le cadre de l’hôpital ; (3) d’identifier les principales parties prenantes impliqué…
Capital humain et coûts de friction
2009
Cet article propose une nouvelle approche de la confrontation entre les methodes du capital humain (mch) et des couts de friction (mcf) pour estimer les pertes de production liees a la maladie. Il defend l’idee que leur pertinence peut etre apprehendee sur la base de deux criteres : le type d’absence au travail considere (maladie ou deces) et le mode d’evaluation employe (analyse cout-efficacite, cout-utilite, etc.). Il elabore alors des recommandations d’utilisation de la mch et de la mcf visant a eviter les sur ou les sous-comptabilisations des effets de la maladie. L’analyse souligne que ces deux methodes ne devraient pas etre systematiquement opposees mais peuvent etre utilisees de mani…
Multidimensional Health Modelling: Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Health in Latvia
2012
This paper proposes new approach for modelling self-assessed health. We find that the concept of health is too complicated to measure effects of health determinants using a one-dimensional econometric model. We apply two-dimensional stereotype logistic model that allows capturing nonmonotonicity in effects of factors and revealing significant effects that remain unrevealed if single dimension models, such as ordered logit or ordered probit, are used. Modelling self-assessed health using multi-dimensional stereotype logit provides higher model goodness of fit and quality measures in comparison to ordered probit model. Multi-dimensional stereotype logit is applied to estimate association betw…
Association Between Self-Assessed Health and Attitude Towards Own Health
2014
This paper explores association between health and attitude towards own health in two dimensions – taking care of own health and lifestyle. We apply two-dimensional stereotype logit model to estimate association between self-assessed health and attitude towards health, after accounting for socioeconomic factors. We find evidence of strong positive association between health status and (perceived) taking care of own health and lifestyle. Analysis of perception of the two concepts – "taking care of own health" and "healthy lifestyle" – provides insights into possible reasons of not very good indicators of health behaviour among Latvian population.