Search results for "judgment"
showing 10 items of 180 documents
Improved pairwise comparison transitivity using strategically selected reduced information
2021
To judge the mutual relationship among elements, pairwise comparisons (PC) are widely used in decision modelling. PC is especially useful when the involved elements are intangible. Frequently, the number of elements to be compared may be very large. When dealing with n elements, the number of PCs is, under the reciprocity hypothesis, n(n − 1)/2. PCs are compiled in so-called pairwise comparison matrices (PCM). In the presence of missing entries due to uncertainty or lack of information, decision-making must be performed from the available incomplete information. Making all the comparisons in the complete case may be tedious, strenuous and time-consuming for the actors, may blur the body of …
Zakres kognicji sądu w postępowaniu o wydanie wyroku łącznego. Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z 25.02.2020r., IV KK 78/19
2021
The commentary discusses the scope of the court's jurisdiction in the proceedings to issue a cumulative judgment. The author agrees with the Supreme Court's view that, in its cumulative judgment, a court should neither assess whether individual penalties imposed under separate judgments are correct, nor should it analyse the extent of culpability and the social harm caused by the acts. This is because the court's rulings on those matters, which are contained in the individual convicting judgments, are fina/ and binding. In the proceedings on issuing a cumulative judgment, the court only rules on what the cumulative pena/ty, which will ultimately be enforced, will be, white considering the i…
THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN SPAIN: CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGES
2016
Since the Spanish Constitution of 1978 there has been a full and effective administrative justice. The citizens have the possibility to request a judicial review of decisions taken by the public Administrations, while being either the owners of a subjective right or of a legitimate interest. The interim judicial protection is not limited to the suppression of the act or general provision and the Courts are invested with direct powers to enforce their sentences. However, different problematic issues about the inactivity of the public Administrations and the enforcement of sentences are the new challenges to ensure the administrative justice. To this it must be added that there are problems r…
Crowdfunding performance, market performance, and the moderating roles of product innovativeness and experts' judgment: Evidence from the movie indus…
2023
Reward-based crowdfunding (CF) has emerged as a method to solicit funds for innovative projects. Yet, little is still known about the ability of reward-based CF to act as a signal in the eyes of future consumers, and thus boost the future market performance of new products that innovators intend to commercialize using the campaign funds. In addition, scant research has clarified the boundary conditions that can magnify or weaken the efficacy of this CF signal. Given the relevance of reward-based CF for supporting innovation, understanding when the CF campaign performance works as an effective signal is of great interest, especially in business settings characterized by high product quality …
OCCUPATIONAL DERMOPATHIES AND JUDGMENT OF SUITABILITY
2022
Occupational dermatosis is defined as a skin pathology expressed as a result of factors mainly associated with the work environment. Given the considerable heterogeneity of skin pathologies that are possible in the work environment, it was decided not to use the term dermatitis but dermatosis, which is generic but more appropriate for such pathological conditions. Many occupational activities can lead to skin diseases, especially when the exposure is very intense, such as the construction industry, the metal industry, the chemical industry, etc. In many developed countries, including the countries of the European Union, occupational skin diseases are the second most common occupational dise…
Motown, Disco, and Drumming : An Exploration of the Relationship Between Beat Salience, Melodic Structure, and Perceived Tempo
2019
In a study of tempo perception, London, Burger, Thompson, and Toiviainen (2016) presented participants with digitally ‘‘tempo-shifted’’ R&B songs (i.e., sped up or slowed down without otherwise altering their pitch or timbre). They found that while participants’ relative tempo judgments of original versus altered versions were correct, they no longer corresponded to the beat rate of each stimulus. Here we report on three experiments that further probe the relation(s) between beat rate, tempo-shifting, beat salience, melodic structure, and perceived tempo. Experiment 1 is a replication of London et al. (2016) using the original stimuli. Experiment 2 replaces the Motown stimuli with disco mus…
The issue of the reality of hell in the teaching of the Catholic Church
2019
One of the foundations of the Christian faith is the truth about eternal life. All people are well aware that life on earth will end sometime. Death is the end of earthly existence, but it is not the end definitive. As Christians, we believe that death is the beginning of a new life, a transition to a new reality, a reality that will never end and will pass away. God, offering us salvation through Jesus Christ, wants that for every person this new existence is heaven, where He will be the greatest reward. The creator, however, does not deprive man of free will and the possibility of deciding his fate, which is why he accepts the unreasonable possibility of rejection by the creatures of his …
Le renouvellement du contrôle juridictionnel de l’administration au moyen du recours pour excès de pouvoir
2017
The role of the administrative judge (the excess of power) has evolved due to the implementation of the various texts adopted recently as well as the developments in the case-law in recent years. In many areas, its role now goes beyond the mere confrontation of an administrative act with the rule of law. At the heart of the annulment decision is a statement and an assessment of the facts, apart from the interpretation of the law, which were usually separated by the principle of separation between the administration and its judge.Some jurisprudence which has become very classical, as well as others more recent, can be considered as characteristic manifestations of this new tendency of the ju…
La tratta degli esseri umani. Nessi vischiosi fra vulnerabilità e violenza di prossimità
2021
La definizione di “tratta di esseri umani”, adottata dal Protocollo delle Nazioni Unite, descrive con chiarezza come la comunità internazionale abbia tratteggiato i concetti di vittima e di sfruttatore. Nonostante lo sforzo definitorio del Protocollo, questo articolo evidenzia una zona grigia nella relazione fra vulnerabilità e violenza di prossimità che rende possibile lo sfruttamento consensuale della vittima da parte del trafficante e la stessa difficoltà a delimitarne i contorni nelle aule di giustizia. L’articolo analizza il concetto di vulnerabilità, in relazione con quello di violenza di prossimità, e sviluppando in una specifica accezione di “vulnerabilità prossimale” che si rende e…
Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
2022
The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of …