Search results for "kestävyys"
showing 10 items of 318 documents
Direct and correlated responses to bi-directional selection on pre-adult development time in Drosophila montana.
2019
Selection experiments offer an efficient way to study the evolvability of traits that play an important role in insects’ reproduction and/or survival and to trace correlations and trade-offs between them. We have exercised bi-directional selection on Drosophila montana flies’ pre-adult development time under constant light and temperature conditions for 10 generations and traced the indirect effects of this selection on females’ diapause induction under different day lengths, as well as on the body weight and cold tolerance of both sexes. Overall, selection was successful towards slow, but not towards fast development. However, all fast selection line replicates showed at the end of selecti…
Inter- and intra-specific genomic divergence in Drosophila montana shows evidence for cold adaptation
2018
This work was supported by the Academy of Finland to AH (projects 132619 and 267244) and to MK (projects 268214 and 272927) and NERC (UK) funding to MGR (grants NE/E015255/1 and NE/J020818/1) and PhD studentship to DJP (NE/I528634/1). The genomes of species that are ecological specialists will likely contain signatures of genomic adaptation to their niche. However, distinguishing genes related to ecological specialism from other sources of selection and more random changes is a challenge. Here we describe the genome of Drosophila montana, which is the most extremely cold-adapted Drosophila species. We use branch tests to identify genes showing accelerated divergence in contrasts between col…
Multiple paths to cold tolerance: the role of environmental cues, morphological traits and the circadian clock gene vrille
2021
AbstractBackgroundTracing the association between insect cold tolerance and latitudinally and locally varying environmental conditions, as well as key morphological traits and molecular mechanisms, is essential for understanding the processes involved in adaptation. We explored these issues in two closely-related species, Drosophila montana and Drosophila flavomontana, originating from diverse climatic locations across several latitudes on the coastal and mountainous regions of North America. We also investigated the association between sequence variation in one of the key circadian clock genes, vrille, and cold tolerance in both species. Finally, we studied the impact of vrille on fly cold…
Selection for reproduction under short photoperiods changes diapause-associated traits and induces widespread genomic divergence.
2019
The work has been supported by the Academyof Finland to A.H. (project 267244) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funding (NE/J020818/1 to M.G.R.; NE/L501852/1 to R.A.W.W.). The incidence of reproductive diapause is a critical aspect of life history in overwintering insects from temperate regions. Much has been learned about the timing, physiology and genetics of diapause in a range of insects, but how the multiple changes involved in this and other photoperiodically regulated traits are inter-related is not well understood. We performed quasinatural selection on reproduction under short photoperiods in a northern fly species, Drosophila montana, to trace the effects of photoper…
Embracing diverse worldviews to share planet Earth
2019
Leading societies toward a more sustainable, equitably shared, and environmentally just future requires elevating and strengthening conversations on the nonmaterial and perhaps unquantifiable values of nonhuman nature to humanity. Debates among conservationists relating to the appropriateness of valuing ecosystems in terms of their human utility have eclipsed the more important and impactful task of expressing conservation concerns in terms that are meaningful to diverse stakeholders. We considered the wide global diversity of perspectives on the biosocial complex-the relationships and interactions between all living species on Earth-and argue that humanity's best chance for effective conse…
Cold adaptation drives population genomic divergence in the ecological specialist, Drosophila montana
2020
Funding: UK Natural Environment Research Council (Grant Number(s): NE/L501852/1, NE/P000592/1); Academy of Finland (GrantNumber(s): 267244, 268214, 322980), Ella ja Georg Ehrnroothin Säätiö. Detecting signatures of ecological adaptation in comparative genomics is challenging, but analysing population samples with characterised geographic distributions, such as clinal variation, can help identify genes showing covariation with important ecological variation. Here, we analysed patterns of geographic variation in the cold-adapted species Drosophila montana across phenotypes, genotypes and environmental conditions and tested for signatures of cold adaptation in population genomic divergence. We…
Heart rate acceleration at relative workloads during treadmill and overground running for tracking exercise performance during functional overreaching
2020
AbstractMaximal rate of heart rate (HR) increase (rHRI) as a measure of HR acceleration during the transition from rest to exercise, or during an increase in workload, tracks exercise performance. rHRI assessed at relative rather than absolute workloads may track performance better, and a field test would increase applicability. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of rHRI assessed at individualised relative workloads during treadmill and overground running for tracking exercise performance. Treadmill running performance (5 km time trial; 5TTT) and rHRI were assessed in 11 male runners following 1 week of light training (LT), 2 weeks of heavy training (HT) and a 10-day tap…
Cold-water immersion combined with active recovery is equally as effective as active recovery during 10 weeks of high-intensity combined strength and…
2019
Summary Study aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) vs. active recovery performed after each individual strength and endurance training session over a 10-week period of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training. Materials and methods: Seventeen healthy men completed 10 weeks of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training. One group (AR, n = 10) completed active recovery that included 15 minutes of running at 30–40% VO2max after every strength training session while the other group (CWI, n = 7) completed 5 minutes of active recovery (at the same intensity as the AR group) followed by 10 minutes of cold-water (12 ± 1°…
Towards sustainable servicescape : tourists’ perspectives of accommodation service attributes
2023
The study uses content analysis to identify the sustainable attributes in 678 accommodation reviews from Finnish and Russian tourists published on the Tripadvisor website and examines the sustainability perceptions of these tourist groups. The servicescape framework was applied to the structuring of the attributes indicating sustain-ability in accommodation services. The sustainable attributes highlighted in the reviews were more frequently in the physical rather than in the social servicescape factor. The tourists also reported environmental sustainability attributes more often than those related to social, cultural and economic sustainability. Overall, the sustainable attributes were perc…
Sprint and endurance training in relation to redox and inflammatory status and biomarkers of aging in master athletes
2020
Purpose Studies have shown a positive influence of intense athletic training on several biomarkers of aging, but it remains unclear whether this influence is dependent of exercise-training-mode. This study compared redox balance, cytokine levels and biomarkers of aging between master sprinters and endurance athletes, as well as in young and middle-aged individuals as controls. Methods Participants were male master sprinters (SA, 50±8.9yrs; n=13) and endurance runners (EA, 53±8.2yrs; n=18) with remarkable athletic experience (∼25yrs of practice), besides untrained young (YC, 22.7±3.9yrs; n=17) and age-matched controls (MC, 45.5±9.8yrs; n=12). Anamnesis, anthropometrics, biomarkers of aging, …