Search results for "l2"

Genomic medicine reaches HCV-related liver transplantation: Hopes and clinical and public health implications

2011

Prevention of chemotherapy‐induced cachexia by ACVR2B ligand blocking has different effects on heart and skeletal muscle

2017

Background Toxicity of chemotherapy on skeletal muscles and the heart may significantly contribute to cancer cachexia, mortality, and decreased quality of life. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective cytostatic agent, which unfortunately has toxic effects on many healthy tissues. Blocking of activin receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) ligands is an often used strategy to prevent skeletal muscle loss, but its effects on the heart are relatively unknown. Methods The effects of DOX treatment with or without pre-treatment with soluble ACVR2B-Fc (sACVR2B-Fc) were investigated. The mice were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: (1) vehicle (PBS)-treated controls, (2) DOX-treated mice (DOX), and (3) …

Allocating cost reducing investments over competing divisions

2007

This paper examines a three-stage model of divisionalization where, first, two parent firms create independent units, second, the parent firms allocate cost reduction levels over these units, and third, the resulting units compete in a Cournot market given their current costs of production. The introduction of the cost reduction phase is shown to reduce the incentives toward divisionalization severely, relative to other existing models. Namely, the scope for divisionalization in equilibrium reduces as the marginal cost of the cost reducing investment decreases, and eventually vanishes. A second-best welfare analysis shows that, for any given market structure, the equilibrium investment deci…

Les followers ont-ils vraiment de l'importance dans le modèle de Stackelberg?

2011

In this paper, we consider a T-stage linear model of Stackelberg oligopoly. First, we show geometrically and analytically that under the two conditions of linear market demand and identical constant marginal costs, the T-stage Stackelberg model reduces to a model where T oligopolies exploit residual demand sequentially. At any stage, leaders behave as if followers did not matter. Second, we study social welfare and convergence toward competitive equilibrium. Especially, we consider the velocity of convergence as the number of firms increases. The convergence is faster when reallocating firms from the most to the less populated cohort until equalizing the size of all cohorts.

Institutional factors affecting entrepreneurship: A QCA analysis

2022

A country's institutional framework plays a crucial role in promoting entrepreneurship, which drives economic growth. Encouraging a minimum level of certainty in ambiguous environments characterized by risk taking is important. Aware of this importance, we analyze the influence of institutional factors on entrepreneurship development. Specifically, we analyze political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, a robust rule of law, the ease of starting a new business, and the ease of obtaining credit. We develop two models to explain the presence and absence of entrepreneurship. To do so, we apply qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to a sample of 48 countries using data s…

Antecedentes y dinamismo de la ambidestreza organizativa en las pymes

2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunos de los antecedentes de la ambidestreza organizativa en las pequenas y medianas empresas (Pymes). La ambidestreza es una capacidad dinamica que permite a las empresas obtener un elevado nivel de desempeno en situaciones que requieren alinearse con el entorno. En el trabajo se defiende que la ambidestreza tiene un componente estructural que la hace depender de los niveles previos de ambidestreza, pero que tambien tiene como antecedente las opciones de estrategia corporativa de la empresa. Concretamente, se postula que la utilizacion por parte de las empresas de las modalidades de crecimiento externo, a traves de las fusiones y adquisiciones, y d…

The corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance of PEO composite coatings containing α-Al2O3 particles on 7075 Al alloy

2018

Abstract Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of 7075 Al alloy was carried out in silicate base electrolyte containing 200 nm diameter α-Al2O3 particles for producing composite coatings. The process was performed under a soft-sparking regime using a pulsed bipolar signal with several concentrations of α-Al2O3 particles. It was found that the incorporation of α-Al2O3 particles into the coating did not significantly alter the thickness and roughness of the coating. However, the α-Al2O3 particles were detected on surface of the composite coatings. Corrosion tests showed significant improvement in corrosion performance of the composite coatings due to the efficient pore blocking provided by α-Al…

Luminescence and vacuum ultraviolet excitation spectroscopy of cerium doped Gd3Ga3Al2O12 single crystalline scintillators under synchrotron radiation…

2020

Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Latvian Science Council grant LZP-2018/2-0358 . The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSO plus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON2020 . The work of A.P.K. was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation , state contracts No. 11.6181.2017/ITR .

Low-temperature studies of Cr 3+ ions in natural and neutron-irradiated g-Al spinel

2020

This study was supported by a grant from Latvian Council of Science (agreement No. LZP-2018/1-0214).

Mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiological implications

2017

Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. These organelles have a high plasticity and are involved in dynamic processes such as mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low levels of ATP. Mitochondrial fusion is modulated by different proteins, including mitofusin-1 (MFN1), mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy (OPA-1), while fission is controlled by mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). PARKIN and (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) partici…