Search results for "lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"
showing 10 items of 382 documents
Key Enzymes in Pyrimidine Synthesis, CAD and CPS1, Predict Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2021
Simple Summary Individual patients with liver cancer have a highly variable clinical course. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify new prognostic markers to determine prognosis and select specific therapies. Expression of two key enzymes in pyrimidine synthesis was analyzed in a large, well-characterized cohort of patients with liver cancer. Dysregulated expression of these enzymes was associated with shorter survival of the patients. A combined score of both markers was found to be a statistically independent prognostic marker. Abstract Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a highly variable clinical course. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new prognostic mar…
The yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase Slt2 is involved in the cellular response to genotoxic stress
2012
Abstract Background The maintenance of genomic integrity is essential for cell viability. Complex signalling pathways (DNA integrity checkpoints) mediate the response to genotoxic stresses. Identifying new functions involved in the cellular response to DNA-damage is crucial. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SLT2 gene encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade whose main function is the maintenance of the cell wall integrity. However, different observations suggest that SLT2 may also have a role related to DNA metabolism. Results This work consisted in a comprehensive study to connect the Slt2 protein to genome integrity maintenance in response to genotoxic stresses.…
Cytotoxicity, anti-angiogenic, apoptotic effects and transcript profiling of a naturally occurring naphthyl butenone, guieranone A
2012
Abstract Background Malignant diseases are responsible of approximately 13% of all deaths each year in the world. Natural products represent a valuable source for the development of novel anticancer drugs. The present study was aimed at evaluating the cytotoxicity of a naphtyl butanone isolated from the leaves of Guiera senegalensis, guieranone A (GA). Results The results indicated that GA was active on 91.67% of the 12 tested cancer cell lines, the IC50 values below 4 μg/ml being recorded on 83.33% of them. In addition, the IC50 values obtained on human lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM (0.73 μg/ml) and its resistant subline CEM/ADR5000 (1.01 μg/ml) and on lung adenocarcinoma A549 (0.72 μg/m…
Exosomal Heat Shock Proteins as New Players in Tumour Cell-to-cell Communication
2014
Exosomes have recently been proposed as novel elements in the study of intercellular communication in normal and pathological conditions. The biomolecular composition of exosomes reflects the specialized functions of the original cells. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of chaperone proteins with diverse biological roles. In recent years, many studies have focused on the extracellular roles played by Hsps that appear to be involved in cancer development and immune system stimulation. Hsps localized on the surface of exosomes, secreted by normal and tumour cells, could be key players in intercellular cross-talk, particularly during the course of different diseases, such as cancer. Exoso…
Biodistribution, Uptake and Effects Caused by Cancer-derived Extracellular Vesicles
2015
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are released in the extracellular space by a variety of normal and cancerous cell types and have been found in all human body fluids. Cancer-derived EVs have been shown to carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding and structural RNAs and even extra-chromosomal DNA, which can be taken up by recipient cells and trigger diverse physiological and pathological responses. An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer-derived EVs mediate paracrine signalling between cancer cells. This leads to the increased invasiveness, proliferation rate and chemoresistance, as well as the acquisi…
Distrés emocional y problemas asociados en población oncológica adulta
2017
Objetivo: en este estudio se estima la prevalencia de distrés, se identifican los problemas asociados y se analiza el conocimiento y uso que hacen los pacientes sobre los recursos psicosociales disponibles en el centro hospitalario. Método: se lleva a cabo un estudio transversal en el que participan 203 pacientes oncológicos que están recibiendo tratamiento quimioterápico. En la evaluación se emplean el Inventario de Síntomas Breve-18 (BSI-18), el Listado de Problemas de NCCN y una encuesta sobre el conocimiento y uso de los recursos asistenciales del centro hospitalario. Resultados: la prevalencia de distrés en la muestra total es del 26%. Los problemas físicos son la principal fuente de d…
Evaluación de las alteraciones psicológicas y de la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal localizado
2016
En los paises desarrollados y en la mayoria del mundo industrializado, el cancer constituye uno de los mayores problemas de salud siendo una de las enfermedades mas prevalentes. En la actualidad, la estimacion en Espana sobre incidencia resalta que el cancer mas frecuente teniendo en cuenta ambos sexos, con una prevision a 5 anos, es el cancer colorrectal. El principal factor pronostico es el estadio clinico en el momento de la cirugia, pero en los ultimos anos se han desarrollado diversos programas de tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y radioterapia para el cancer colorrectal. Un 70% de estos tumores son de localizacion proximal (colon), mientras que el resto son distales (recto). Es…
Cribado de distrés emocional en población oncológica adulta: validación de instrumentos
2017
La investigacion ha demostrado la presencia de niveles de distres (o malestar emocional) clinicamente significativos en aproximadamente tres de cada diez pacientes oncologicos (Mitchell et al., 2011). Sin embargo, en la actualidad, menos de la mitad de estos pacientes son identificados y derivados a los servicios de asistencia psicosocial (NCCN, 2015). El fracaso a la hora de detectar y tratar adecuadamente sus necesidades emocionales conlleva una serie de importantes consecuencias negativas que repercuten no solo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes (Shim et al., 2006) y en su nivel de satisfaccion con la atencion medica recibida (Von Essen, Larsson, Oberg y Sjoden, 2002), sino tambien e…
Evaluación y rehabilitación neuropsicológica en oncología pediátrica.
2003
Objetivo. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio de los efectos neuropsicológicos a largo plazo del cáncer infantil y sus tratamientos así como plantear propuestas para la rehabilitación cognitiva. Método. El método ha consistido en una revisión sistemática de los resultados en la literatura científica acerca de los efectos de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia sobre el SNC y en las funciones cognitivas y conductuales detectados a través de estudios de neuroimagen como calcificaciones y cambios en la sustancia blanca. Presentamos, además, el protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica ejemplificado con un diagnóstico frecuente que presenta deterioro generalizado. Proponemos un prog…
Functional Inactivation of pRB Results in Aneuploid Mammalian Cells After Release From a Mitotic Block
2002
AbstractThe widespread chromosome instability observed in tumors and in early stage carcinomas suggests that aneuploidy could be a prerequisite for cellular transformation and tumor initiation. Defects in tumor suppressers and genes that are part of mitotic checkpoints are likely candidates for the aneuploid phenotype. By using flow cytometric, cytogenetic, immunocytochemistry techniques we investigated whether pRB deficiency could drive perpetual aneuploidy in normal human and mouse fibroblasts after mitotic checkpoint challenge by microtubule-destabilizing drugs. Both mouse and human pRB-deficient primary fibroblasts resulted, upon release from a mitotic block, in proliferating aneuploid …