Search results for "libri"

showing 10 items of 1189 documents

On the evolution of monopoly pricing in Internet-assisted search markets

2014

This study examines the evolution of prices in markets with Internet price-comparison search engines. The empirical study analyzes laboratory data of prices available to informed consumers, for two industry sizes and two conditions on the sample (complete and incomplete). Distributions are typically bimodal. One of the two modes of distribution, corresponding to monopoly pricing, tends to attract such pricing strategies increasingly over time. The second one, corresponding to interior pricing, follows a decreasing trend. Monopoly pricing can serve as a means of insurance against more competitive (but riskier) behavior. In fact, experimental subjects who initially earn low profits due to int…

MarketingAverage cost pricingInternet Economics price-comparison search engines mixed strategy equilibria experimental economicsPsychological pricingFinancial economicsConsumption-based capital asset pricing modeljel:L1MicroeconomicsInvestment theoryPricing strategiesjel:L4Variable pricingjel:D0Economicsjel:D2Rational pricingMonopoly
researchProduct

An appraisal of Piero Sraffa's 'The Laws of Returns under Competitive Conditions'

2001

The paper proposes a new interpretation of Sraffa's 1926 Economic Journal article, ‘The Laws of Returns under Competitive Conditions’, according to which the latter derives from the same strategy of research which underlies its 1925 Italian precursor, ‘Sulle relazioni fra costo e quantità prodotta’. Sraffa tested the explanatory power of a Marshallian monopolistic partial equilibrium model and concluded that that model is able to treat one source of variable returns (firm-internal economies); but this articulation of Marshall‘s theory does not substantially improve on the trade-off between logical consistency and empirical relevance which afflicted the theory in its whole. © 2001, Taylor & …

MarshallSraffaGeneral Arts and HumanitiesInterpretation (philosophy)Partial equilibriumEconomics Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)Logical consistencyPerfect competitionVariable (computer science)Monopolistic competitionHistory and Philosophy of ScienceSettore SECS-P/04 - Storia Del Pensiero EconomicoLawEconomicsRelevance (law)Explanatory powerMonopolyArticulation (sociology)Mathematical economicsThe European Journal of the History of Economic Thought
researchProduct

Poly-l-Lactic Acid Nanofiber-Polyamidoamine Hydrogel Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Preliminary Evaluation as Scaffolds for Human Pluripote…

2016

Electrospun poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofiber mats carrying surface amine groups, previously introduced by nitrogen atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma, are embedded into aqueous solutions of oligomeric acrylamide-end capped AGMA1, a biocompatible polyamidoamine with arg-gly-asp (RGD)-reminiscent repeating units. The resultant mixture is finally cured giving PLLA-AGMA1 hydrogel composites that absorb large amounts of water and, in the swollen state, are translucent, soft, and pliable, yet as strong as the parent PLLA mat. They do not split apart from each other when swollen in water and remain highly flexible and resistant, since the hydrogel portion is covalently grafted onto the …

Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and AlloysPluripotent Stem CellsAgmatinePolymers and PlasticsDouble bondpolyamidoaminesPolyestersCell Culture TechniquesNanofibersBioengineering02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesBiomaterialsPolyamidoaminePolyaminesMaterials ChemistryHydrogel compositehuman pluripotent stem cellHumansatmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasmaInduced pluripotent stem cellatmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma; electrospun poly-l-lactic nanofibers; human pluripotent stem cells; poly-l-lactic acid-AGMA1 hydrogel composites; polyamidoamines; biotechnology; bioengineering; biomaterials; polymers and plastics; materials chemistry2506 metals and aloyschemistry.chemical_classificationAddition reactionPolymers and PlasticAqueous solutionTissue ScaffoldsHydrogels021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyBiomaterial0104 chemical sciencesChemical engineeringchemistryCovalent bondNanofiberelectrospun poly-l-lactic nanofiberpoly-l-lactic acid-AGMA1 hydrogel compositeAmine gas treating0210 nano-technologyBiotechnology
researchProduct

Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes with poly-histidyl peptides derived from a snake venom

2018

Abstract The snake venoms are complex mixtures containing many bioactive peptides and proteins; some of them are aimed to protect the snake glands, where the venom is stored, until the latter is inoculated in the victim. In the venom of some vipers of the genus Atheris , a set of peptides containing poly-His and poly-Gly segments was recently found. Poly-His peptides are not rare in Nature. Although their exact biological function is most often unknown, one thing is certain: they have good binding properties towards the transition metal ions. As a matter of fact, the imidazole side chain of histidine is one of the groups most frequently involved in metal complexation in the active sites of …

Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and AlloysSnake venomNickel ionPoly-His peptidesStereochemistryMetal ions in aqueous solutionComplex-formation equilibriaPeptideVenom010402 general chemistrycomplex mixtures01 natural sciencesNOInorganic ChemistryMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundMaterials ChemistryComplex-formation equilibria; Nickel ion; Poly-His peptides; Snake venom; Zinc ion; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and AlloysImidazolePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryHistidinechemistry.chemical_classification010405 organic chemistryChemistryLigand (biochemistry)0104 chemical sciencesZinc ionSnake venomvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumInorganica Chimica Acta
researchProduct

The heat of transfer in a chemical reaction at equilibrium.

2007

International audience; We study a reacting mixture (2F $ F2) in a temperature gradient. We had previously used boundary-driven non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to study this system, and found that the reaction was close to local chemical equilibrium in temperature gradients up to 1012 K/m. Using the condition of local chemical equilibrium, we show that the heat of transfer of the reacting mixture is equal to minus the enthalpy of the reaction. The fact that the sign of the heat of transfer is determined by the type of reaction adds insight to the discussion of the origin of the sign

Materials science010304 chemical physicsGeneral Physics and AstronomyThermodynamics02 engineering and technologyGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesReaction quotient[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]Law of mass actionReaction rate[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry[CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistryChemical clock[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]Equilibrium thermodynamicsTemperature jump0103 physical sciences[ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]Chemical equilibrium0210 nano-technologyEquilibrium constantComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
researchProduct

The Surface of Ice under Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Conditions

2019

ConspectusThe ice premelt, often called the quasi-liquid layer (QLL), is key for the lubrication of ice, gas uptake by ice, and growth of aerosols. Despite its apparent importance, in-depth understanding of the ice premelt from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale has not been gained. By reviewing data obtained using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, and laser confocal differential interference contrast microscopy (LCM-DIM), we provide a unified view of the experimentally observed variation in quasi-liquid (QL) states. In particular, we disentangle three distinct types of QL states of disordered layers, QL-droplet, and QL-film and discuss…

Materials science010405 organic chemistryHydrogen bondNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsGeneral MedicineGeneral Chemistry010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesArticle0104 chemical sciencesMolecular dynamicsMacroscopic scaleChemical physicsLubricationMoleculeSpectroscopyLayer (electronics)Accounts of Chemical Research
researchProduct

On the structural aspects of solid solutions of enantiomers: an intriguing case study of enantiomer recognition in the solid state

2018

Structural aspects of solid solutions of enantiomers have been considered and the corresponding definitions of type 1 and type 2 solid solutions have been revised based on the available structures reported in the literature. Examples of both types are presented indicating that (e.g., type 1 solid solutions) there is a straightforward relationship between the particular structural aspects and the enantiomer miscibility limits in the solid state. Furthermore, enantiomer recognition in a type 2 solid solution formed by the enantiomers of a pharmaceutically active ingredient, pimobendan, has been studied in more detail. It was found that upon rapid crystallization from a solution a structure po…

Materials science010405 organic chemistryThermodynamic equilibriumCrystal growthGeneral Chemistry010402 general chemistryCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesMiscibility0104 chemical scienceslaw.inventionlawComputational chemistryPhase (matter)General Materials ScienceEnantiomerCrystallizationSingle crystalSolid solutionCrystEngComm
researchProduct

Experimental and theoretical studies of Stark profiles of Ar I 696.5 nm spectral line in laser-induced plasma

2019

Abstract We report the results of the Stark profile studies of the 696.543 nm Ar I spectral line in laser-induced plasma generated by a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser radiation at 532 nm in argon at reduced pressure. Plasma diagnostics was performed with the use of the laser Thomson scattering method, free from assumptions about the plasma thermodynamic equilibrium, its composition but also independently of plasma emission spectra. The profiles were investigated in wide range of electron densities and temperatures, from 2.81 · 1022 m − 3 to 5.69 · 1023 m − 3 and from 10 430 K to 73 400 K, respectively. Stark profiles were calculated using a semi-classical method as well as by N-body numerical simu…

Materials science010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesStark broadeningThomson scatteringThermodynamic equilibrium01 natural sciencesSpectral linesymbols.namesake[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph]Physics::Plasma Physicscomputer simulationsLaser-induced plasmaEmission spectrumThomson scatteringComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSSpectroscopy0105 earth and related environmental sciencesRadiationPlasmaAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsStark effectlaser-induced plasmasymbolsElectron temperaturePlasma diagnosticsAtomic physicsComputer simulationsJournal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
researchProduct

Harnessing Orbital-to-Spin Conversion of Interfacial Orbital Currents for Efficient Spin-Orbit Torques.

2020

The system generates two errors of "Bad character(s) in field Abstract" for no reason. Please refer to the manuscript for the full abstract.

Materials science530 PhysicsMagnetismFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyNon-equilibrium thermodynamicschemistry.chemical_elementInverse01 natural sciences0103 physical sciencesddc:530010306 general physicsSpin (physics)Spin-½CouplingPhysicsCondensed Matter - Materials ScienceSpintronicsCondensed matter physicsMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)530 PhysikCoupling (probability)OrbitThuliumchemistryOrbit (dynamics)Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
researchProduct

Helium gas pressure cell for pressures up to 1 kbar (0.1 GPa) in conjunction with the cold head of a closed-cycle He refrigerator

1997

A helium gas pressure cell for pressures up to 1 kbar (0.1 GPa) has been developed in conjunction with a closed-cycle He refrigerator allowing variable temperatures between 15 and 300 K. Both cell and refrigerator are equipped with optical windows suitable for photophysical measurements, such as temperature- and pressure-dependent absorption spectroscopy or laser flash photolysis. Examples of measurements on iron(II) spin-crossover systems are given. In these compounds, comparatively small external pressures induce significant changes in the thermodynamic equilibrium as well as in the relaxation dynamics.

Materials scienceAbsorption spectroscopyThermodynamic equilibriumApplied MathematicsConjunction (astronomy)Refrigerator carThermodynamicsLaserlaw.inventionlawddc:540Head (vessel)Relaxation (physics)Flash photolysisInstrumentationEngineering (miscellaneous)
researchProduct