Search results for "liquid"
showing 10 items of 4351 documents
¿Por qué existen los bancos?
2004
Victor.E.Barrios@uv.es La incorporación reciente a la teoría bancaria contemporánea de las herramientas de análisis de las teorías de la agencia y de la economía de la información ha modificado nuestra visión tradicional del negocio bancario, ampliando las funciones que realizan estos intermediarios. El estudio de estas funciones y de las ventajas comparativas que poseen los bancos en el ejercicio de las mismas constituirá el eje central de nuestro trabajo. De los resultados de este análisis concluiremos que la existencia de los bancos se justifica porque estas entidades, a través de las funciones que realizan, permiten una mejor colocación de los recursos financieros, beneficiando a demand…
Acid Catalysis with Alkane/Water Microdroplets in Ionic Liquids
2021
Ionic liquids are composed of an organic cation and a highly delocalized perfluorinated anion, which remain tight to each other and neutral across the extended liquid framework. Here we show that n-alkanes in millimolar amounts enable a sufficient ion charge separation to release the innate acidity of the ionic liquid and catalyze the industrially relevant alkylation of phenol, after generating homogeneous, self-stabilized, and surfactant-free microdroplets (1–5 μm). This extremely mild and simple protocol circumvents any external additive or potential ionic liquid degradation and can be extended to water, which spontaneously generates microdroplets (ca. 3 μm) and catalyzes Brönsted rather …
Evaluation of Diethyl Carbonate and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone as Entrainers for the Separation of 1-Hexene and n-Hexane
2017
Diethyl carbonate and methyl isobutyl ketone are tested as possible entrainers for separating 1-hexene and n-hexane by extractive distillation. For this purpose, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 100 kPa have been obtained for the two ternary systems formed by the two hydrocarbons and one of the selected solvents: 1-hexene + n-hexane + diethyl carbonate and 1-hexene + n-hexane + methyl isobutyl ketone. VLE data for the following constituent binary systems have also been determined: 1-hexene + diethyl carbonate, n-hexane + diethyl carbonate, 1-hexene + methyl isobutyl ketone, and finally n-hexane + methyl isobutyl ketone. All binary systems present moderate positive deviations …
Study of liquid–liquid equilibria at different temperatures of water + ethanol + 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide tern…
2016
Abstract The experimental liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data of the water + ethanol + 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmp][Tf2N]) system has been measured at different temperatures in this work. The LLE of the system has been measured at between 283 and 333 K. The UNIQUAC and NRTL models were used to correlate the LLE data and good results were obtained in both cases, however UNIQUAC gave a more accurate correlation. In order to apply the UNIQUAC model the volume and surface parameters for [bmp][Tf2N] (r, q) were determined. Finally, in order to obtain ethanol from the aqueous mixture, the solvent capability of the ionic liquid was checked and compared wit…
Separation of the azeotropic mixture 2-propanol + water employing different imidazolium ionic liquids as solvents
2020
Abstract The liquid-liquid equilibria of the ternary systems water (1) + 2-propanol (2) + [emim][Tf2N] (3) and water (1) + 2-propanol (2) + [hmim][Tf2N] (3) at 283.2, 303.2 and 323.2 K and atmospheric pressure were investigated, in order to achieve a better knowledge of the ternary mixture behaviour. The capability of [emim][Tf2N] and [hmim][Tf2N] as solvents in the separation of the azeotropic mixture water + 2-propanol was studied through the distribution coefficient and selectivity, and compared with the results obtained with other ionic liquids in the same azeotropic mixture studied before by our research group. The thermodynamic parameters of both ternary mixtures were calculated by th…
Phase equilibria and variation of the azeotropic composition with pressure for binary mixtures of 1-propanol + chlorobenzene and 1-butanol + chlorobe…
1998
Abstract Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria were obtained for the systems 1-propanol + chlorobenzene and 1-butanol + chlorobenzene at 200 and 300 kPa using a dynamic still. The mole fraction of the alcohol in the azeotropic point increases with pressure and for the 1-propanol + chlorobenzene system at 300 kPa, the azeotrope has disappeared. The two systems satisfy the point-to-point thermodynamic consistency test. Both systems show a positive deviation from ideality. The data were well correlated with the Margules, van Laar, Wilson. NRTL and UNIQUAC equations.
Vapor–liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures of chlorobenzene with 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol, at 100 kPa
1998
Abstract Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria have been obtained for the systems 3-methyl-1-butanol+chlorobenzene, 3-methyl-2-butanol+chlorobenzene and 2-methyl-2-butanol+chlorobenzene at 100 kPa, using a dynamic still. The experimental error in temperature is ±0.1 K, in pressure ±0.1 kPa, and in the liquid and vapor mole fraction ±0.001. The three systems satisfy the point-to-point thermodynamic consistency test. All the systems show positive deviations from ideality. The data have been correlated with the Margules, Van Laar, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations.
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for binary mixtures of 1-hexene+n-hexane and cyclohexane+cyclohexene at 30, 60 and 101.3kPa
2009
Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) data were determined for the binary systems 1-hexene + n-hexane and cyclohexane + cyclohexene at 30, 60 and 101.3 kPa, with the purpose of studying the influence of the pressure in the separation of these binary mixtures. The two systems show a small positive deviation from ideality and do not present an azeotrope. VLE data for the binary systems have been correlated by the Wilson, UNIQUAC and NRTL equations with good results and have been predicted by the UNIFAC group contribution method.
Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures of 1-propanol + chlorobenzene and 2-propanol + chlorobenzene
1997
Abstract Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria were obtained for the system 1-propanol + chlorobenzene at 20 and 100 kPa and for the system 2-propanol + chlorobenzene at 100 kPa using a dynamic still. The experimental error in temperature was ±0.1 K, in pressure ±0.01 kPa and ±0.1 kPa for the experiments carried out at 20 and 100 kPa, respectively, and in the liquid and vapor mole fraction 0.001. The two systems satisfy the point-to-point thermodynamic consistency test. Both systems show a positive deviation from ideality. The data were well correlated with the Margules, Van Laar, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations.
Measurements and correlation of vapour–liquid equilibria of 2-butanone and hydrocarbons binary systems at two different pressures
2011
Abstract Consistent isobaric vapour–liquid equilibrium data have been measured for 2-butanone + n-hexane, 2-butanone + n-heptane, and 2-butanone + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at two different pressures. All binary systems present a minimum boiling azeotrope at both pressures, and show that the azeotropic compositions are weakly dependent on pressure. The equilibrium data were correlated using the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models for which the parameters are reported.