Search results for "messenger"

showing 10 items of 1493 documents

Patterns of Expression and Organization of Cytokeratin Intermediate Filaments

1985

Cytokeratins are a large multigene family comprising two polypeptide types, i.e. acidic (type I) and basic (type II) ones, which are distinguished on the basis of immunological, peptide mapping, mRNA hybridization, and primary amino acid sequence data. The acidic (type I) cytokeratins can be subdivided into at least two different subtypes on the basis of their carboxy-terminal sequences. Considerable interspecies conservation of sequences exists, even extending to the 3'-non-coding mRNA regions. Different pairs of type I and II cytokeratins show different resistance to dissociation in urea. Sequence differences of the type I cytokeratins containing functional domains may be an explanation o…

Messenger RNANeurofilamentBase SequenceProtein ConformationChemistryGeneral NeuroscienceIntermediate FilamentsRNAMolecular biologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyMolecular WeightCytokeratinProtein structureHistory and Philosophy of ScienceTetramerAnimalsHumansKeratinsAmino Acid SequenceRNA MessengerIntermediate filamentPeptide sequenceCytoskeletonAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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Gamma enolase expression as early marker of neuronal differentiation of murine neuroblastoma cells N-115

2012

In this study we determined the levels of gamma enolase mRNA in mouse neuroblastoma cell line N-115 at early period of induction of differentiation by serum withdrawal. The expression of gamma enolase was examined by Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from cells induced for different lengths of time. We found a 3-fold increase in the level of gamma enolase mRNA after 24 hours of induction of differentiation and higher levels were detected in cells induced for longer time, reaching a 10-fold increase after four days.

Messenger RNAPeriod (gene)Clinical BiochemistryNeuronal differentiationBiomedical EngineeringBioengineeringCell BiologyMouse NeuroblastomaBiologyGamma-EnolaseMolecular biologyMurine neuroblastomaCell cultureNorthern blotBiotechnologyCytotechnology
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Messenger RNA of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Isolation and properties.

1979

Polysomes specifically synthesizing the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase were isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardi cells by the indirect immunoprecipitation method. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the immunoprecipitated polysomes were of chloroplast origin. The mRNA coding for the large subunit which was purified from immunoprecipitated polysomes migrated at the 19-S position on sucrose density gradients, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 7.3 x 10(5) by acid-urea/agarose gel electrophoresis. The mRNA was translated in vivo with a cell-free protein-synthesizing system derived from Escherichia coli to give full-length large-subunit polypeptides.

Messenger RNARibulose 15-bisphosphateImmunoprecipitationCarboxy-LyasesProtein subunitRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylaseChlamydomonasChlamydomonasBiologybiology.organism_classificationBiochemistryMolecular biologyPyruvate carboxylaseMolecular Weightchemistry.chemical_compoundBiochemistrychemistryPolysomePolyribosomesProtein BiosynthesisAgarose gel electrophoresisEscherichia coliRNA MessengerEuropean journal of biochemistry
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Drug delivery of siRNA therapeutics

2020

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of nucleic acid-based drugs (NABDs) able to block gene expression by interaction with mRNA before its translation [...]

Messenger RNASmall interfering RNAChemistrysi-RNAlcsh:RS1-441Pharmaceutical ScienceTranslation (biology)Drug delivery; si-RNAlcsh:Pharmacy and materia medican/aEditorialDrug deliveryGene expressionDrug deliveryNucleic acidCancer research
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Effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on differentiation of rat cortical neurons in primary cultures.

1991

Some of the events which characterize neuronal terminal differentiation have been studied in rat cortical neurons cultured in a selective synthetic medium for a period which corresponds to terminal brain maturation in vivo. In particular, we have studied the effect of T3 on the synthesis of nuclear proteins and the expression of the mRNAs which encode different variants of T3 nuclear receptors (c erb A proteins). We have shown that: a) T3 stimulates the turnover of nuclear proteins, with a more evident effect on the non-histone component; b) for the whole lifespan of cultures the predominant form of c erb Aα mRNA is the α2 variant (which encodes a protein unable to bind T3); whatever the fu…

Messenger RNATriiodothyroninePeriod (gene)Clinical BiochemistryBiomedical EngineeringBioengineeringCell BiologyCortical neuronsBiologyMolecular biologyNuclear receptorIn vivoNuclear proteinFunction (biology)BiotechnologyCytotechnology
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Functional characterization of Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Evidence that Tat links viral RNAs to nuclear matrix.

1990

The processes of transcription and posttranscription are assumed to proceed in close association with the nuclear matrix. In this study we demonstrated that Tat, the trans-activating protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), binds both to the TAR region of the nascent HIV mRNAs and the nuclear matrix with high affinity. Both North/Western blotting experiments and nitrocellulose binding studies revealed that Tat binds with an association constant (K alpha) of approximately 1 x 10(9) M-1 to the TAR segment of HIV RNA; binding of Tat to this sequence which is present between position 32 and 82 downstream from the TATA box was also confirmed by gel retardation assays. Binding of…

Messenger RNAViral matrix proteinTranscription GeneticTATA boxBinding proteinGene Products gagCell BiologyBiologyNuclear matrixBiochemistryMolecular biologyCell LineTranscription (biology)Gene Products tatHIV-1Trans-ActivatorsHumansRNA ViralNuclear Matrixtat Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusCloning MolecularBinding siteMolecular BiologyProtein secondary structure
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Oligonucleotide probes detect splicing variants insituinDrosophilaembryos

1992

We describe a method for the in situ detection of specific splicing variants. The method is based on the use of antisense oligonucleotides designed to span splice junctions labelled with digoxigenin by terminal transferase tailing. We find that the spatial patterns of Ubx splicing variants Ia and IIa are similar in early embryos, but differ in late embryos. Variant IVa is only detected in the CNS (ps6) at stages 16 and 17. We also present evidence indicating that the first splicing event is cotranscriptional.

Messenger RNAanimal structuresBase SequenceTranscription GeneticOligonucleotideMolecular Sequence DataAlternative splicingExonic splicing enhancerOligonucleotides AntisenseBiologyMolecular biologyAlternative Splicingchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryRNA splicingGeneticsAnimalsDigoxigeninDrosophilaspliceOligonucleotide ProbesDigoxigeninIn Situ HybridizationUltrabithoraxNucleic Acids Research
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Suppression of ischemia-induced fos expression and AP-1 activity by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to c-fos mRNA.

1994

The molecular events of brain adaptation to injury that may underlie functional recovery after stroke remain largely undefined. Recent observations of altered gene expression in ischemic brain using animal stroke models have opened new avenues for exploration of the biochemical cascades after stroke [1–11]. These postischemic events include an increase in extracellular excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate. Glutamate receptor–mediated activation of phospholipases and protein kinases results in the alteration of nuclear regulatory processes, including the expression of immediate early genes such as c-fos, junB, and c-jun [5, 12]. The Fos, Jun, and JunB proteins have been …

Messenger RNAbiologyBase SequenceJUNBEffectorOligonucleotideMolecular Sequence DataGene ExpressionOligonucleotides Antisensec-FosMolecular biologyReceptor tyrosine kinaseArticleRatsTranscription Factor AP-1NeurologyTranscription (biology)Ischemic Attack TransientGene expressionbiology.proteinAnimalsNeurology (clinical)RNA MessengerProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosAnnals of neurology
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Localization and mRNA steady-state level of cellular fibronectin in rat liver undergoing a CCl4-induced acute damage or fibrosis.

1993

Abstract In an attempt to investigate cellular fibronectin synthesis and deposition during acute liver damage and fibrogenesis, we used the presence of the additional type III-related ED-A domain of cellular fibronectin as a characteristic for distinguishing it from the plasma form. Using site-specific antibodies, we localized cellular fibronectin deposition in the necrotic pericentral areas of acutely damaged liver tissue after a single CCl 4 -gavage, whereas in control liver only trace amounts of cellular fibronectin were detectable along the sinusoids. Upon several CCl 4 -administrations leading to liver fibrosis, cellular fibronectin deposits were accumulated in the fibrotic septa. Nort…

Messenger RNAbiologyMesenchymal stem cellIn situ hybridizationmedicine.diseaseLiver Cirrhosis ExperimentalMolecular biologyFibronectinsRatsFibronectinLiverFibrosisImmunologyGene expressionbiology.proteinmedicineMolecular MedicineImmunohistochemistryAnimalsFemaleNorthern blotRNA MessengerRats WistarMolecular BiologyCarbon TetrachlorideBiochimica et biophysica acta
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The effect of light intensities on the transcript level of proteins involved in photosynthesis in mustard plants

1996

Summary The influence of light quantity on the steady-state levels of plastid encoded transcripts was examined during the development of primary leaves from mustard ( Sinapis alba ) plants. RbcL mRNA, petA mRNA, and psbA mRNA, which encode the large subunit (LSU) of Rubisco, Cyt f of the Cyt b6/f complex, and D1 protein of PS II were investigated in leaves grown under high-light (HL) or low-light (LL) conditions. Additionally, the nuclear encoded 25 S rRNA was quantified. As a proportion of total RNA, the levels of 25 S rRNA, rbcL mRNA, petA mRNA, and psbA mRNA did not differ substantially in the HL versus LL plants. During leaf ontogenesis, though, the proportion of psbA mRNA in total RNA …

Messenger RNAbiologyPhysiologySinapisRuBisCOfood and beveragesPlant ScienceRibosomal RNAbiology.organism_classificationMolecular biologychemistry.chemical_compoundLight intensitychemistryChlorophyllGene expressionBotanybiology.proteinPlastidAgronomy and Crop ScienceJournal of Plant Physiology
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