Search results for "microRNA."
showing 10 items of 574 documents
Catalyzing transcriptomics research in cardiovascular disease: The CardioRNA COST action CA17129
2019
WOS: 000474931400001
Bortezomib Partially Improves Laminin α2 Chain–Deficient Muscular Dystrophy
2014
Congenital muscular dystrophy, caused by mutations in LAMA2 (the gene encoding laminin α2 chain), is a severe and incapacitating disease for which no therapy is yet available. We have recently demonstrated that proteasome activity is increased in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle and that treatment with the nonpharmaceutical proteasome inhibitor MG-132 reduces muscle pathology in laminin α2 chain-deficient dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice. Here, we explore the use of the selective and therapeutic proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (currently used for treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma) in dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice and in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A muscle cells. Outcome measu…
Contribution of proteomics to understanding the role of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression: State of the art and new perspectives
2013
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles (40-100 nm diameter) of endocytic origin released from different cell types under both normal and pathological conditions. They function as cell free messengers, playing a relevant role in the cell-cell communication that is strongly related to the nature of the molecules (proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids) that they transport. Tumor cells actively shed exosomes into their surrounding microenvironment and growing evidence indicates that these vesicles have pleiotropic functions in the regulation of tumor progression, promoting immune escape, tumor invasion, neovascularization, and metastasis. During the last few years remarkable efforts have been made…
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
2015
The authors wish to thank Dr R Simpson and Dr D Taylor for critical reading of the manuscript and acknowledge the Horizon 2020 European Cooperation in Science and Technology programme and its support of our European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health & Disease (ME-HaD; BM1202 www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/bmbs/Actions/BM1202). In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive invest…
Surface analysis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The molecular characterization of exosomes reveals the presence of miRNAs
2013
Abstract With the aim of characterizing the molecules involved in the interaction of Dicrocoelium dendriticum adults and the host, we have performed proteomic analyses of the external surface of the parasite using the currently available datasets including the transcriptome of the related species Echinostoma caproni. We have identified 182 parasite proteins on the outermost surface of D. dendriticum. The presence of exosome-like vesicles in the ESP of D. dendriticum and their components has also been characterized. Using proteomic approaches, we have characterized 84 proteins in these vesicles. Interestingly, we have detected miRNA in D. dendriticum exosomes, thus representing the first rep…
DiseaseLinc: Disease Enrichment Analysis of Sets of Differentially Expressed LincRNAs
2021
Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (LincRNAs) are long RNAs that do not encode proteins. Functional evidence is lacking for most of them. Their biogenesis is not well-known, but it is thought that many lincRNAs originate from genomic duplication of coding material, resulting in pseudogenes, gene copies that lose their original function and can accumulate mutations. While most pseudogenes eventually stop producing a transcript and become erased by mutations, many of these pseudogene-based lincRNAs keep similarity to the parental gene from which they originated, possibly for functional reasons. For example, they can act as decoys for miRNAs targeting the parental gene. Enrichment analysis of fun…
Molecular chaperones and mirnas in epilepsy: Pathogenic implications and therapeutic prospects
2021
Epilepsy is a pathologic condition with high prevalence and devastating consequences for the patient and its entourage. Means for accurate diagnosis of type, patient monitoring for predicting seizures and follow up, and efficacious treatment are desperately needed. To improve this adverse outcome, miRNAs and the chaperone system (CS) are promising targets to understand pathogenic mechanisms and for developing theranostics applications. miRNAs implicated in conditions known or suspected to favor seizures such as neuroinflammation, to promote epileptic tolerance and neuronal survival, to regulate seizures, and others showing variations in expression levels related to seizures are promising ca…
Inducible and reversible inhibition of mirna-mediated gene repression in vivo
2021
Although virtually all gene networks are predicted to be controlled by miRNAs, the contribution of this important layer of gene regulation to tissue homeostasis in adult animals remains unclear. Gain and loss-of-function experiments have provided key insights into the specific function of individual miRNAs, but effective genetic tools to study the functional consequences of global inhibition of miRNA activity in vivo are lacking. Here we report the generation and characterization of a genetically engineered mouse strain in which miRNA-mediated gene repression can be reversibly inhibited without affecting miRNA biogenesis or abundance. We demonstrate the usefulness of this strategy by invest…
Molecular Mediators of RNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles
2021
In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) cooperate in the gene regulatory networks with other biomolecules, including coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and translation regulation at different levels. Intriguingly, ncRNAs can be packed in vesicles, released in the extracellular space, and finally internalized by receiving cells, thus affecting gene expression also at distance. This review focuses on the mechanisms through which the ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Two distinct extracellular RNA signatures released by a single cell type identified by microarray and next-generation sequencing
2016
ABSTRACT Cells secrete extracellular RNA (exRNA) to their surrounding environment and exRNA has been found in many body fluids such as blood, breast milk and cerebrospinal fluid. However, there are conflicting results regarding the nature of exRNA. Here, we have separated 2 distinct exRNA profiles released by mast cells, here termed high-density (HD) and low-density (LD) exRNA. The exRNA in both fractions was characterized by microarray and next-generation sequencing. Both exRNA fractions contained mRNA and miRNA, and the mRNAs in the LD exRNA correlated closely with the cellular mRNA, whereas the HD mRNA did not. Furthermore, the HD exRNA was enriched in lincRNA, antisense RNA, vault RNA, …