Search results for "microbiome"
showing 10 items of 395 documents
Effect of Mastiha supplementation on NAFLD: The MAST4HEALTH Randomised, Controlled Trial
2021
On behalf of MAST4HEALTH consortium: et al.
Obesity-associated deficits in inhibitory control are phenocopied to mice through gut microbiota changes in one-carbon and aromatic amino acids metab…
2021
Gut: first published.
Human bile microbiota: A retrospective study focusing on age and gender
2021
Aims: The emerging biliary colonization of microorganisms in patients with biliary diseases may be devastating. Recent evidence suggests that age and gender may influence changes in the microbial composition of gut microbiota. To study the relationship between these parameters on bile microbiota, we retrospectively reviewed positive bile cultures following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a QA-certified academic surgical unit of a single institution. Methods: 449 positive bile cultures from 172 Italian patients with diseases of the biliopancreatic system hospitalized from 2006 through 2017 were investigated for aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal organisms. The patient…
Novel GPR120 agonist TUG891 modulates fat taste perception and preference and activates tongue-brain-gut axis in mice
2020
GPR120 is implicated as a lipid receptor in the oro-sensory detection of dietary fatty acids. However, the effects of GPR120 activation on dietary fat intake or obesity are not clearly understood. We investigated to determine whether the binding of TUG891, a novel GPR120 agonist, to lingual GPR120 modulates fat preference in mice. We explored the effects of TUG891 on obesity-related hormones and conducted behavioral choice tests on mice to better understand the physiologic relevance of the action of TUG891. In cultured mouse and human taste bud cells (TBCs), TUG891 induced a rapid increase in Ca2+ by acting on GPR120. A long-chain dietary fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), also recruited Ca2+ …
Interleukin-17 Inhibition in Spondyloarthritis Is Associated With Subclinical Gut Microbiome Perturbations and a Distinctive Interleukin-25-Driven In…
2020
Objective To characterize the ecological effects of biologic therapies on the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome in psoriatic arthritis (PsA)/spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. Methods Fecal samples from PsA/SpA patients pre- and posttreatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; n = 15) or an anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody inhibitor (IL-17i; n = 14) underwent sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA, internal transcribed spacer and shotgun metagenomics) and computational microbiome analysis. Fecal levels of fatty acid metabolites and cytokines/proteins implicated in PsA/SpA pathogenesis or intestinal inflammation were correlated with sequence data. Additionally, ileal biopsies obtai…
Sepsis in preterm infants causes alterations in mucosal gene expression and microbiota profiles compared to non-septic twins
2016
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants. Neonatal microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immune system maturation. Changes in gut microbiota have been associated to inflammatory disorders; however, a link with sepsis in the neonatal period has not yet been established. We aimed to analyze gut microbiota and mucosal gene expression using non-invasively obtained samples to provide with an integrative perspective of host-microbe interactions in neonatal sepsis. For this purpose, a prospective observational case-control study was conducted in septic preterm dizygotic twins and their non-septic twin controls. Fecal samples were used for both microbiota analysis and host genome-…
Exercise and probiotics attenuate the development of Alzheimer's disease in transgenic mice: Role of microbiome
2018
Abstract It has been suggested that exercise training and probiotic supplementation could decelerate the progress of functional and biochemical deterioration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice (APP/PS1TG). APP/PS1TG mice were subjected to exercise training and probiotic treatments and functional, biochemical and microbiome markers were analyzed. Under these conditions the mice significantly outperformed controls on The Morris Maze Test, and the number of beta-amyloid plaques decreased in the hippocampus. B. thetaiotaomicron levels correlated highly with the results of the Morris Maze Test (p
Lean NAFLD: A Distinct Entity Shaped by Differential Metabolic Adaptation
2020
Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult population. A significant subset of patients are lean, but their underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Approach and Results: We investigated the role of bile acids (BAs) and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of lean NAFLD. BA and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 levels (a surrogate for intestinal farnesoid X receptor [FXR] activity), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variants, and gut microbiota profiles in lean and nonlean NAFLD were investigated in a cohort of Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n …
Levels of predominant intestinal microorganisms in 1 month-old full-term babies and weight gain during the first year of life
2021
The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 …
Effect on gut microbiota of a 1-y lifestyle intervention with Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activit…
2021
ABSTRACT Background The Mediterranean diet is a well-recognized healthy diet that has shown to induce positive changes in gut microbiota. Lifestyle changes such as diet along with physical activity could aid in weight loss and improve cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives To investigate the effect of an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention on gut microbiota. Methods This is a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus), a randomized controlled trial conducted in overweight/obese men and women (aged 55–75 y) with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (IG) underwent an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterr…