Search results for "mito"
showing 10 items of 2513 documents
Multiparametric evaluation of the cytoprotective effect of the Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract and mangiferin in HepG2 cells.
2012
Abstract Objective Mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark extract (MSBE) is a natural product with biological properties and mangiferin is the major component. This paper reported the evaluation of the protective effects of MSBE and mangiferin against the toxicity induced in HepG2 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or amiodarone. Method Nuclear morphology, cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured by using a high-content screening multiparametric assay. Key findings MSBE and mangiferin produced no toxicity below 500 mg/ml doses. A marked recovery in cell viability, which was reduced by the toxicants, was observed in cells pr…
Cisplatin sensitivity is related to late DNA damage processing and checkpoint control rather than to the early DNA damage response
2008
The present study aimed at elucidating mechanisms dictating cell death triggered by cisplatin-induced DNA damage. We show that CL-V5B hamster mutant cells, a derivative of V79B, are hypersensitive to cisplatin-induced apoptotic death. CL-V5B cells are characterized by attenuated cisplatin-induced early (2-6 h) stress response, such as phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK/JNK), ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase, histone H2AX and checkpoint kinase-1 (Chk-1). Human FANCC cells also showed a reduced phosphorylation of H2AX and SAPK/JNK at early time point after cisplatin treatment. This was not the case for BRCA2-defective VC-8 hamster cells, indicating that the FA …
Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by cajanin stilbene acid from Cajanus cajan in breast cancer cells
2015
Abstract Background: The low abundant cajanin stilbene acid (CSA) from Pigeon Pea ( Cajanus cajan ) has been shown to kill estrogen receptor α positive cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . Downstream effects such as cell cycle and apoptosis-related mechanisms have not been analyzed yet. Material and methods: We analyzed the activity of CSA by means of flow cytometry (cell cycle distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP), confocal laser scanning microscopy (MMP), DNA fragmentation assay (apoptosis), Western blotting (Bax and Bcl-2 expression, caspase-3 activation) as well as mRNA microarray hybridization and Ingenuity pathway analysis. Results: CSA induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis …
Simultaneous reduction of MAD2 and BUBR1 expression induces mitotic spindle alterations associated with p53 dependent cell cycle arrest and death
2014
Most human tumors are characterized by aneuploidy that is believed to be the consequence of chromosomal instability (CIN). The mechanism(s) leading to aneuploidy and the pathways that allow its tolerance are not completely understood. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism working during mitosis, and alterations of genes that encode components of the SAC weakening the mitotic checkpoint, induce aneuploidy by chromosome mis-segregation. We induced aneuploidy in near-diploid tumor cells by simultaneous depletion of the SAC proteins MAD2 and BUBR1 by RNA interference in the attempt to gain further insight on the cellular responses to aneuploidy. Individual r…
Down-regulation of nuclear binding activities of OXBOX-REBOX transcription factors during cellular senescence.
1996
Functional capacity of mitochondria declines during aging and this impairment may have a major role in aging process. Several observations indicate that transcriptional efficiency is reduced during aging. Our purpose was to find out whether aging and cellular senescence affect the nuclear binding activities of transcription factors which bind to OXBOX-REBOX sequence present in promoter regions of numerous nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. These factors regulate and coordinate the expression of mitochondrial proteins. We observed a strong down-regulation in the nuclear binding activities of OXBOX-REBOX factors in replicatively senesced human WI-38 and IMR-90 fibroblasts. On the …
Acetic acid and acidification accelerate chronological and replicative aging in yeast
2012
Yeast is widely regarded as one of the most valuable model systems to study aging and particularly the genetics of aging. Researchers have established two different methods to study yeast aging known as the replicative lifespan (RLS) and the chronological lifespan (CLS). These have led to the identification of many mammalian genes that affect aging suggesting that they will continue to shed light on the fundamental biology of aging. In spite of the clear differences underpinning the mitotic cellular potential (RLS) and the survival in the non-dividing mode (CLS), the two models are clearly regulated by partly overlapping regulatory mechanism. This idea is supported by the observation that c…
Induction of secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro does not require cell proliferation.
1976
SummaryUsing a mouse in vitro allograft model, evidence has been obtained that, in contrast to the accepted view, the generation of cytotoxic effector function in T-lymphocytes does not necessarily require cell division.
The ARF GAPs ELMOD1 and ELMOD3 act at the Golgi and cilia to regulate ciliogenesis and ciliary protein traffic
2022
ELMODs are a family of three mammalian paralogs that display GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity towards a uniquely broad array of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family GTPases that includes ARF-like (ARL) proteins. ELMODs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, highly conserved across eukaryotes, and ancient in origin, being present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. We described functions of ELMOD2 in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the regulation of cell division, microtubules, ciliogenesis, and mitochondrial fusion. Here, using similar strategies with the paralogs ELMOD1 and ELMOD3, we identify novel functions and locations of these cell regulators a…
Wnt signaling recruits KIF2A to the spindle to ensure chromosome congression and alignment during mitosis
2021
Canonical Wnt signaling plays critical roles in development and tissue renewal by regulating β-catenin target genes. Recent evidence showed that β-catenin–independent Wnt signaling is also required for faithful execution of mitosis. However, the targets and specific functions of mitotic Wnt signaling still remain uncharacterized. Using phosphoproteomics, we identified that Wnt signaling regulates the microtubule depolymerase KIF2A during mitosis. We found that Dishevelled recruits KIF2A via its N-terminal and motor domains, which is further promoted upon LRP6 signalosome formation during cell division. We show that Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, which is critical for K…
Regulated segregation of kinase Dyrk1A during asymmetric neural stem cell division is critical for EGFR-mediated biased signaling.
2010
SummaryStem cell division can result in two sibling cells exhibiting differential mitogenic and self-renewing potential. Here, we present evidence that the dual-specificity kinase Dyrk1A is part of a molecular pathway involved in the regulation of biased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in the progeny of dividing neural stem cells (NSC) of the adult subependymal zone (SEZ). We show that EGFR asymmetry requires regulated sorting and that a normal Dyrk1a dosage is required to sustain EGFR in the two daughters of a symmetrically dividing progenitor. Dyrk1A is symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed during mitosis, and biochemical analyses indicate that it prevents endocyto…