Search results for "model."

Fine-Tuning of Platelet Responses by Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases and Phosphatases-Just the Beginning.

2021

AbstractComprehensive proteomic analyses of human and murine platelets established an extraordinary intracellular repertoire of signaling components, which control crucial functions. The spectrum of platelet serine/threonine protein kinases (more than 100) includes the AGC family (protein kinase A, G, C [PKA, PKG, PKC]), the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and others. PKA and PKG have multiple significantly overlapping substrates in human platelets, which possibly affect functions with clear “signaling nodes” of regulation by multiple protein kinases/phosphatases. Signaling nodes are intracellular Ca2+ stores, the contractile system (myosin light chains), and other signaling comp…

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of vascular, cardiac, metabolic and renal disease

2016

AbstractWe have reviewed the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) in various animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and renal function and morphology. Those of azilsartan and telmisartan have been included comprehensively whereas those of other ARBs have been included systematically but without intention of completeness. ARBs as a class lower blood pressure in established hypertension and prevent hypertension development in all applicable animal models except those with a markedly suppressed renin–angiotensin system; blood pressure lowering even persists for a considerable time after d…

The role of CD40 and CD40L in bone mineral density and in osteoporosis risk: A genetic and functional study.

2015

Compelling data are revealing that the CD40/CD40L system is involved in bone metabolism. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that polymorphisms in both genes are associated with bone phenotypes. The aim of this study is to further characterize this association and to identify the causal functional mechanism. We conducted an association study of BMD with 15 SNPs in CD40/CD40L genes in a population of 779 women. In addition, we assessed the functionality of this association through the study of the allele-dependent expression of CD40 and CD40L in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and in human osteoblasts (OBs) obtained from bone explants by qPCR and by sequencing. When an allelic im…

2016

Introduction: cognitive deterioration and reductions of bone health coincide with increasing age. We examine the relationship between bone composition and plasma markers of bone remodelling with measures of cognitive performance in healthy adults. Methods: this cross-sectional study included 225 old (52% women, mean age: 74.4 ± 3.3 years) and 134 young (52% women, mean age: 23.4 ± 2.7 years) adult participants from the MyoAge project. Whole body bone mineral density was measured by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood analyses included a panel of bone-related peptides (dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor …

2016

Orthopedic implant failure due to aseptic loosening and mechanical instability remains a major problem in total joint replacement. Improving osseointegration at the bone-implant interface may reduce micromotion and loosening. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) has been shown to enhance bone formation when coated onto titanium femoral implants and in rat calvarial defect models. However, the most appropriate method of BSP coating, the necessary level of BSP coating, and the effect of BSP coating on cell behavior remain largely unknown. In this study, BSP was covalently coupled to titanium surfaces via an aminosilane linker (APTES), and its properties were compared to BSP applied to titanium via physiso…

Structural, ultrastructural, and morphometric study of the zebrafish ocular surface: a model for human corneal diseases?

2018

Purpose: A morphological and morphometric study of the adult zebrafish ocular surface was performed to provide a comprehensive description of its parts and to evaluate its similarity to the human. Materials and Methods: The eyes of adult zebrafish were processed for light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and for immunohistochemical stain of corneal nerves; a morphometric analysis was also performed on several morphological parameters. Results: The corneal epithelium was formed by five layers of cells. No Bowman’s layer could be demonstrated. The stroma consisted of lamellae of different thickness with few keratocytes. The Descemet’s membrane was absent as the flat and polygon…

Models for preterm cortical development using non invasive clinical EEG

2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the piglet and the mouse as model systems for preterm cortical development. According to the clinical context, we used non invasive EEG recordings. As a prerequisite, we developed miniaturized Ag/AgCl electrodes for full band EEG recordings in mice and verified that Urethane had no effect on EEG band power. Since mice are born with a “preterm” brain, we evaluated three age groups: P0/P1, P3/P4 and P13/P14. Our aim was to identify EEG patterns in the somatosensory cortex which are distinguishable between developmental stages and represent a physiologic brain development. In mice, we were able to find clear differences between age groups wit…

2019

Precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in the brain is a prerequisite for cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the chromatin structure have emerged as important regulators in this context. While posttranslational modification of histones or the modification of DNA bases have been examined in detail in many studies, the role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors (ChRFs) in learning- and memory-associated gene regulation has largely remained obscure. Here we present data that implicate the highly conserved chromatin assembly and remodeling factor Chd1 in memory formation and the control of immediate early gene (IEG) r…

Phospholipids in Human Milk and Infant Formulas: Benefits and Needs for Correct Infant Nutrition.

2015

The composition of human milk has served as a basis for the development of infant formulas, which are used when breastfeeding is not possible. Among the human milk nutrients, 50% of the total energetic value corresponds to fat, with a high level of fatty acids and 0.2-2.0% present in the form of phospholipids (PLs). The PL contents and fatty acid distribution in PL species have been investigated as bioactive elements for the production of infant formulas, since they offer potential benefits for the optimum growth and health of the newborn infant. The differences in the amount of PLs and in fatty acid distribution in PL species between human milk and infant formulas can imply biologically si…

Low-Cost Optical Mapping Systems for Panoramic Imaging of Complex Arrhythmias and Drug-Action in Translational Heart Models.

2017

[EN] Panoramic optical mapping is the primary method for imaging electrophysiological activity from the entire outer surface of Langendorff-perfused hearts. To date, it is the only method of simultaneously measuring multiple key electrophysiological parameters, such as transmembrane voltage and intracellular free calcium, at high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite the impact it has already had on the fields of cardiac arrhythmias and whole-heart computational modeling, present-day system designs precludes its adoption by the broader cardiovascular research community because of their high costs. Taking advantage of recent technological advances, we developed and validated low-cost opti…