Search results for "models"
showing 10 items of 8211 documents
An impaired alveolar-capillary barrier in vitro : effect of proinflammatory cytokines and consequences on nanocarrier interaction.
2009
The alveolar region of the lung is an important target for drug and gene delivery approaches. Treatment with drugs is often necessary under pathophysiological conditions, in which there is acute inflammation of the target organ. Therefore, in vitro models of the alveolar-capillary barrier, which mimic inflammatory conditions in the alveolar region, would be useful to analyse and predict effects of novel drugs on healthy or inflamed tissues. The epithelial cell line H441 was cultivated with primary isolated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) or the endothelial cell line ISO-HAS-1 on opposite sides of a permeable filter support under physiological and inflammatory condi…
Nanofibrillar scaffold resists to bile and urine action: experiences in pigs
2020
Biomaterial-based-scaffolds’ functions are to replace anatomical and functional features loss of an injured tissue. They can replace native tissue after their reabsorption. Material and methods. In our experimental procedures we utilized the PHEA-PLA+PCL scaffold in 2 female pigs to assess its resistance to bile and urine. Results. Both pigs survived to surgical procedures. After a month fibres appeared unchanged in term of form and dimension at electronic microscopy. Cells and ECM factors were founded inside the scaffold in a microscopical evaluation. Conclusion. Planar and tubular scaffolds were colonized by cells and extracellular matrix elements. The study conducted on pig suggested tha…
Domain‐specific neural networks improve automated bird sound recognition already with small amount of local data
2022
1. An automatic bird sound recognition system is a useful tool for collecting data of different bird species for ecological analysis. Together with autonomous recording units (ARUs), such a system provides a possibility to collect bird observations on a scale that no human observer could ever match. During the last decades, progress has been made in the field of automatic bird sound recognition, but recognizing bird species from untargeted soundscape recordings remains a challenge. 2. In this article, we demonstrate the workflow for building a global identification model and adjusting it to perform well on the data of autonomous recorders from a specific region. We show how data augmentatio…
Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales
2022
Identifying the spatial scales at which community assembly processes operate is fundamental for gaining a mechanistic understanding of the drivers shaping ecological communities. In this study, we examined whether and how traits and phylogenetic relationships structure fungal community assembly across spatial scales. We applied joint species distribution modelling to a European-scale dataset on 215 wood-inhabiting fungal species, which includes data on traits, phylogeny and environmental variables measured at the local (log-level) and regional (site-level) scales. At the local scale, wood-inhabiting fungal communities were mostly structured by deadwood decay stage, and the trait and phyloge…
Transmission Electron Microscopy of GroEL, GroES, and the Symmetrical GroEL/ES Complex
1994
Two new 2-D crystal forms of the Escherichia coli chaperone GroEL (cpn60) 2 x 7-mer have been produced using the negative staining-carbon film (NS-CF) technique. These 2-D crystals, which contain the cylindrical GroEL in side-on and end-on orientations, both possess p21 symmetry, with two molecules in the respective unit cells. The crystallographically averaged images correlate well with those obtained by other authors from single particle analysis of GroEL and our own previous crystallographic analysis. 2-D crystallization of the smaller chaperone GroES (cpn10) 7-mer has also been achieved using the NS-CF technique. Crystallographically averaged images of GroES single particle images indic…
Distributions of the growth rate of the germ tubes and germination time of Penicillium chrysogenum conidia depend on water activity
2008
The effects of water activities for sporulation (a(wsp)) and germination (a(wge)) on the distributions of the growth rate of the germ tubes (mu) and the germination time (t(G)) of Penicillium chrysogenum conidia were determined by monitoring the length of the same germ tubes throughout the experiments automatically. No relationship between the individual t(G)'s and mu's could be established. Irrespective of the water activity for germination, mu was greater and t(G) was less for conidia produced at 0.95a(wsp) than that at 0.99a(wsp). At 0.99 a(wge) the mean and the standard deviation of t(G) were smaller than those obtained at 0.95a(wge). At 0.99a(wge), normal distributions for mu and t(G) …
Lag time for germination of Penicillium chrysogenum conidia is induced by temperature shifts.
2013
In the environment, fungal conidia are subject to transient conditions. In particular, temperature is varying according to day/night periods. All predictive models for germination assume that fungal spores can adapt instantaneously to changes of temperature. The only study that supports this assumption (Gougouli and Koutsoumanis, 2012, Modelling germination of fungal spores at constant and fluctuating temperature conditions. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 152: 153-161) was carried out on Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger conidia that, in most cases, already produced germ tubes. In contrast, the present study focuses on temperature shifts applied during the first stages…
Comparison of epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry in counting freshwater picophytoplankton
2021
The smaller the phytoplankton, the greater effort is required to distinguish individual cells by optics-based methods. Flow cytometry is widely applied in marine picophytoplankton research, but in freshwater research its role has remained minor. We compared epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry in assessing the composition, abundance and cell sizes of autofluorescent picophytoplankton in epilimnia of 46 Finnish lakes. Phycocyaninrich picocyanobacteria were the most dominant. The two methods yielded comparable total picophytoplankton abundances, but the determination of cell sizes, and thus total biomasses, were on average an order of magnitude higher in the microscopy results. Howev…
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaws (MRONJ) Prevention and Diagnosis: Italian Consensus Update 2020
2020
The Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaws (MRONJ) diagnosis process and its prevention play a role of great and rising importance, not only on the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients, but also on the decision-making process by the majority of dentists and oral surgeons involved in MRONJ prevention (primary and secondary). The present paper reports the update of the conclusions from the Consensus Conference—held at the Symposium of the Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) (20 October 2018, Ancona, Italy)—after the newest recommendations (2020) on MRONJ were published by two scientific societies (Italian Societies of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology and Medicine, SI…
Bivariate logistic models for the analysis of the students' University "success"
2012
We analyze the students’ success at University by considering their performance in terms of both “qualitative performance”, measured by their grade average, and “quantitative performance”, measured by University Credits accumulated. To jointly model both marginal and association relationships with covariates, the analysis has been carried out by fitting a bivariate ordered logistic model (BOLM), in a nonparametric fashion, by penalized maximum likelihood estimation. The advantages of such model are in terms of parsimony and parameters interpretation, while preserving goodness-of-fit. The application regards an engineering student (ES) cohort from the University of Palermo.