Search results for "molecules"
showing 10 items of 1147 documents
Tricks and Tracks in the Identification and Quantification of Endocannabinoids
2013
Abstract The endocannabinoid system serves pivotal roles in a diverse range of physiological and pathophysiological states, including behavior, pain, schizophrenia, obesity, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease. A number of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and their receptors have been characterised and identified in a plethora of biological matrices. The eCBs include N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide), 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, 2-arachidonoyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), O-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (virodhamine) and N-arachidonoyl dopamine. Advanced targeted mass spectrometry methods, particularly the selected reaction monitoring, has facilitated sensitive quanti…
Unvolvement of calcium signaling and MAP kinases in lipid taste perception
2013
In this work, we demonstrate that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a sensor of Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum, mediates fatty acid–induced Ca2+ signaling in the mouse tongue and fat preference. We showed that linoleic acid (LA) induced the production of arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) by activating multiple phospholipase A2 isoforms via CD36. This activation triggered Ca2+ influx in lingual CD36-positive taste bud cells (TBCs) purified from mouse CVP. LA also induced the production of Ca2+ influx factor (CIF). STIM1 was found to regulate LA-induced CIF production and the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels. Furthermore, CD36-positive…
Thermodynamic properties and conductivities of some dodecylsurfactants in water
1988
Densities, heat capacities, enthalpies of dilution, osmotic coefficients and conductivities are reported for dodecylamine hydrochloride, dodecyldimethylammonium and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride in water over a wide range of concentration. The last two properties were also measured for dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. From the thermodynamic data partial molar volumes, heat capacities and relative enthalpies and nonideal free energies and entropies were derived as a function of the surfactant concentration. The cmc's and degree of counterion dissociation were also calculated from the transport properties. It is shown that the trends of volumes, enthalpies, free energies and entropies ar…
Immunohistochemical detection of EWS and FLI-1 proteinss in Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors: comparative analysis with CD99 (MIC-2…
2001
The molecular analysis of the t(11;22) rearrangement involving EWS/FLI-1 genes is likely to be of diagnostic value in Ewing sarcoma (ES) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). The objective of the current study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the EWS and FLI-1 proteins in a group of small round-cell tumors (SRCT) to determine their specificity and relevance in their differential diagnosis. Forty-eight cases-10 conventional ES, 4 large-cell ES, 5 PNET, 9 neuroblastomas (NB), 6 undifferentiated synovial sarcomas (SS), 5 rhabdomyosarcomas (RB), 5 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), 1 round-cell liposarcoma, and 3 mesenchymal chondrosarcomas-were analyzed. Immunocytochemistr…
New concepts and applications in macromolecular chemistry of fullerenes
2010
A new classification on the different types of fullerene-containing polymers is presented according to their different properties and applications they exhibit in a variety of fields. Because of their interest and novelty, water-soluble and biodegradable C(60)-polymers are discussed first, followed by polyfullerene-based membranes where unprecedented supramolecular structures are presented. Next are compounds that involve hybrid materials formed from fullerenes and other components such as silica, DNA, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) where the most recent advances have been achieved. A most relevant topic is still that of C(60)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers. Since their application in pho…
Pore structure and function of synthetic nanopores with fixed charges: tip shape and rectification properties
2011
We present a complete theoretical study of the relationship between the structure (tip shape and dimensions) and function (selectivity and rectification) of asymmetric nanopores on the basis of previous experimental studies. The theoretical model uses a continuum approach based on the Nernst-Planck equations. According to our results, the nanopore transport properties, such as current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, conductance, rectification ratio, and selectivity, are dictated mainly by the shape of the pore tip (we have distinguished bullet-like, conical, trumpet-like, and hybrid shapes) and the concentration of pore surface charges. As a consequence, the nanopore performance in practical…
Effect of stiffness on the phase behavior of cubic lattice chains
2005
Gran canonica Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulazioni assistite da tecniche di riponderazione istogramma sono stati utilizzati per studiare l'effetto della flessibilità catena sul comportamento di soluzione fase di cubi catene reticolari corti con 4-32 segmenti. Ciò è stato fatto variando un parametro di rigidità gradualmente fino alla media calcolata end-to-end distanza avvicinato la lunghezza totale. Per entrambe le catene flessibili e rigide si è riscontrato che la temperatura critica, ottenuta tramite mista analisi dei campi di dimensioni finite, aumentata lunghezza della catena e la densità critica trasferisce a valori più bassi, in accordo con le osservazioni sperimentali. Il estrapolato lungh…
Advances in photochemical and electrochemical incorporation of sulfur dioxide for the synthesis of value-added compounds.
2021
Organic photochemistry and electrochemistry currently receive tremendous attention in organic synthesis as both techniques enable the reagent-less activation of organic molecules without using expensive and hazardous redox reagents. The incorporation of SO2 into organic molecules is a relatively modern research topic, which likewise gains immense popularity since the discovery of the SO2 surrogate DABSO. Sulfur-containing organic molecules are omnipresent in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This review covers the recent progress in electrochemical and photochemical methodologies for the incorporation and uses of SO2 in the synthesis of value-added compounds. Additionally, different work t…
Recent Advances in Enantioselective Desymmetrizations of Prochiral Oxetanes
2021
Abstract Strain relief of oxetanes offers a plethora of opportunities for the synthesis of chiral alcohols and ethers. In this context, enantioselective desymmetrization has been identified as a powerful tool to construct molecular complexity and this has led to the development of elegant strategies on the basis of transition metal, Lewis acid, and Brønsted acid catalysis. This review highlights recent examples that harness the inherent reactivity of prochiral oxetanes and offers an outlook on the immense possibilities for synthetic application.
Multi or Single-Kinase Inhibitors to Counteract Drug Resistance in Cancer: What is New?
2023
The concept of protein kinase inhibition starts from the groundbreaking research on the role of these proteins in the regulation of fundamental processes, including proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation. Kinase genetic mutations, as well as overexpression and dysregulation, can contribute to the development of several diseases, including neoplasms, leading to relapses and resistance to standard drug chemotherapy [1-3].