Search results for "motor neurons"

Calcitonin gene related peptide gene expression in collagen-induced arthritis

1995

On a evalue par hybridation in situ semi-quantitative les variations de l'expression genique du peptide lie au gene de la calcitonine (CGRP) dans les motoneurones spinaux et dans les ganglions des racines dorsales (GRD) de rats chez lesquels l'arthrite a ete induite par l'administration de collagene II (AIC). On a examine les effets d'un traitement systemique avec le corticosteroide budesonide sur l'expression basale du CGRP ainsi que sur ses variations dans des conditions d'inflammation. Dans les GRD, l'AIC a induit une augmentation significative des taux d'ARNm du CGRP. Le budesonide a reduit les taux d'ARNm du CGRP constitutif de ces GRD comparativement a ceux des rats temoins non traite…

Procedural learning and prefrontal cortex.

1995

The Origin, Location, and Projections of the Embryonic Abdominal Motorneurons ofDrosophila

1997

We have used a retrograde labeling technique to identify motorneurons for each of the 30 body wall muscles of an abdominal hemisegment in the late stage 16Drosophilaembryo. Each motorneuron has a characteristic cell body position, dendritic arborization, and axonal projection. In addition, we have determined the neuroblasts of origin for most of the motorneurons we describe. Some organizational principles for the neuromuscular system have become apparent: (1) There is no obvious topographic relationship between the cell body positions of motorneurons and the position or orientation of the muscles they innervate; (2) motorneurons that innervate muscles of similar position and orientation are…

The effect of experimental and clinical musculoskeletal pain on spinal and supraspinal projections to motoneurons and motor unit properties in humans…

2021

Background and Objective Numerous studies have examined the influence of pain on spinal reflex excitability, motor unit behaviour and corticospinal excitability. Nevertheless, there are inconsistencies in the conclusions made. This systematic review sought to understand the effect of pain on spinal and supraspinal projections to motoneurons and motor unit properties by examining the influence of clinical or experimental pain on the following three domains: H-reflex, corticospinal excitability and motor unit properties. Databases and Data Treatment MeSH terms and preselected keywords relating to the H-reflex, motor evoked potentials and motor unit decomposition in chronic and experimental pa…

The fine structure of de-and reinnervated muscle spindles

1974

Reinnervated muscle spindles in lower lumbrical muscles of rats studied 17 days to 24 months after crushing the sciatic nerve showed a series of alterations which have not been analysed, thus far, by electron microscopy. There was a striking increase of the number of intrafusal muscle fibers seen in approximately 20% of reinnervated spindles. These spindles showed 5–11 intrafusal muscle fibers whereas normal spindles usually contained 3–4 fibers only.

Cell expression of GDAP1 in the nervous system and pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4A disease

2007

Abstract Mutations in the mitochondrial protein GDAP1 are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4A disease (CMT4A), a severe form of peripheral neuropathy associated with either demyelinating, axonal or intermediate pheno-types. GDAP1 is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and it seems that may be related with the mitochondrial network dynamics. We are interested to define cell expression in the nervous system and the effect of mutations in mitochondrial morphology and pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated GDAP1 expression in the nervous system and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron cultures. GDAP1 is expressed in motor and sensory neurons of the spinal cord and other large neu…

Dscam1 Is Required for Normal Dendrite Growth and Branching But Not for Dendritic Spacing in Drosophila Motoneurons

2014

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, serves diverse neurodevelopmental functions, including axon guidance and synaptic adhesion, as well as self-recognition and self-avoidance, depending on the neuron type, brain region, or species under investigation. InDrosophila, the extensive molecular diversity that results from alternative splicing of Dscam1 into >38,000 isoforms provides neurons with a unique molecular code for self-recognition in the nervous system. Each neuron produces only a small subset of Dscam1 isoforms, and distinct Dscam1 isoforms mediate homophilic interactions, which in turn, result in repulsion and even spacing of self-processes, while allowing contact with neig…

The avian oesophageal motor function and its nervous control: some physiological, pharmacological and comparative aspects.

1991

1. This paper deals with the avian oesophageal motor function and it attempts to draw some comparative aspects between neural regulation of the avian and mammalian oesophagus. 2. Different from the mammalian oesophagus, the avian oesophagus, presents at rest electrical activity associated to spontaneous contractions. 3. Swallowing elicits peristaltic contraction, characterized by an inhibitory and an excitatory component. 4. Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurons are responsible for the inhibitory component. 5. Contrarily to what observed in mammals, where the peripheral mechanism are important for the peristaltic sequence, the primary peristaltism of birds seems to be entirely mediated by…

Are dendrites in Drosophila homologous to vertebrate dendrites?

2005

AbstractDendrites represent arborising neurites in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, in vertebrates, dendrites develop on neuronal cell bodies, whereas in higher invertebrates, they arise from very different neuronal structures, the primary neurites, which also form the axons. Is this anatomical difference paralleled by principal developmental and/or physiological differences? We address this question by focussing on one cellular model, motorneurons of Drosophila and characterise the compartmentalisation of these cells. We find that motorneuronal dendrites of Drosophila share with typical vertebrate dendrites that they lack presynaptic but harbour postsynaptic proteins, display c…

The transcription factor Zfh1 is involved in the regulation of neuropeptide expression and growth of larval neuromuscular junctions in Drosophila mel…

2008

AbstractDifferent aspects of neural development are tightly regulated and the underlying mechanisms have to be transcriptionally well controlled. Here we present evidence that the transcription factor Zfh1, the Drosophila member of the conserved zfh1 gene family, is important for different steps of neuronal differentiation. First, we show that late larval expression of the neuropeptide FMRFamide is dependent on correct levels of Zfh1 and that this regulation is presumably direct via a conserved zfh1 homeodomain binding site in the FMRFamide enhancer. Using MARCM analysis we additionally examined the requirement for Zfh1 during embryonic and larval stages of motoneuron development. We could …