Search results for "multilevel model"
showing 10 items of 207 documents
When empathy matters: the role of sex and empathy in close friendships
2017
Based on prior theory and research (Ciarrochi & Heaven, 2009; Eagly & Wood, 1999), we hypothesized that the link between empathy and friendship would be moderated by sex: Girls will nominate empathic boys as friends, whereas boys will not tend to nominate empathic girls. We collected measures of empathy, friendship social support, and close friendship nominations in grade 10 across 1,970 students in 16 schools (Mage = 15.70, SD = .44; males = 993, females = 977). Multilevel models revealed that boys high in cognitive empathy attracted an average of 1.8 more girl friendship nominations than did their low empathy counterparts, whereas empathic girls did not attract a greater number of opposit…
Can visualization alleviate dichotomous thinking? Effects of visual representations on the cliff effect
2021
Common reporting styles for statistical results in scientific articles, such as $p$ p -values and confidence intervals (CI), have been reported to be prone to dichotomous interpretations, especially with respect to the null hypothesis significance testing framework. For example when the $p$ p -value is small enough or the CIs of the mean effects of a studied drug and a placebo are not overlapping, scientists tend to claim significant differences while often disregarding the magnitudes and absolute differences in the effect sizes. This type of reasoning has been shown to be potentially harmful to science. Techniques relying on the visual estimation of the strength of evidence have been recom…
The effect of hotel chain affiliation on economic performance: The moderating role of tourist districts
2020
Abstract This paper offers a pioneering analysis of the impact that integration in different types of hotel chains has on firm performance, and the moderating effect of the tourist destination in this relationship. Studies in the literature examine both size and location independently, without reconciling the apparently contradictory trends of globalization and conservation of the local base. The aim of the research is to analyze the comparative effects on tourism firms’ performance of belonging to different types of hotel chains while maintaining the advantages of location in a tourist destination. Based on a study of 292 Spanish hotels, the authors test the proposed hypotheses using hiera…
Learning strategies explaining differences in reading proficiency. Findings of Nordic and Baltic countries in PISA 2009
2015
Abstract There are useful metacognitive learning strategies improving learning results significantly. Students can be trained to use them to achieve a higher level of proficiency in different academic domains, including reading. The current study was aimed to discover how student awareness and use of learning strategies explains differences in reading literacy test results, using PISA (the Program for International Student Assessment) 2009 data of three Nordic and three Baltic countries. The student level differences appeared partly due to the differences between schools, in the Baltic countries more than in the Nordic countries, which is considered a concern in the countries stating the eq…
The competency-based approach in developing countries : effects of curricular reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa
2013
For decades, all analyzes converge on the idea of the relative inefficiency of education systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Dropout, repetition, overstaffing, low quality of learning student failure and obsolescence of facilities, teaching materials and teachers, including sometimes the levels and quality of education remain somewhat uncertain, inadequate educational programs. In short, these are some of the ills that plague these systems and confirm the findings made by many reports. Given this weakness finding, educational authorities, supported by international aid mobilized in many countries to improve their systems to qualitatively, but also quantitatively equity because we must not forget…
The Influence of Emotion in the Management of Amateur Football Organizations.
2020
This article is oriented to the analysis of organisational and emotional variables in amateur sporting organizations. The general objective is to analyse the influence of organisational variables such as service quality, transactional leadership, and transformational leadership and emotional variables such as affective commitment, emotional attachment investment and emotional attachment dividend to predict the credibility that members of amateur sporting organisations perceive, as well as their degree of identification and loyalty. The opinions of 203 members of Chilean amateur football teams, (169 men and 34 women, with ages between 18 and 68 years (Mean=32.75 years, DT= 9.92) have been an…
Les langues, facteurs du rendement en lecture dans les évaluations PIRLS
2011
The starting point of this research is the question, may reading acquisition be more or less effective depending on the language in which it is perform? Two categories for classifying the languages have been developed. First the notion of linguistic family is employed to describe the languages from a cultural and historical perspective. Secondly, the notion of orthographic depth is used for differentiating the languages according to the correspondence between orthography and phonetic. These categories have been related to the databases PIRLS 2001 and 2006 (international assessments about reading developed by the IEA), the aim being to connect reading achievement to the language in which stu…
What Predicts Outcome, Response, and Drop-out in CBT of Depressive Adults? A Naturalistic Study
2012
Background: The efficacy of CBT for unipolar depressive disorders is well established, yet not all patients improve or tolerate treatment. Aims: To identify factors associated with symptomatic outcome, response, and drop-out in depressive patients under naturalistic CBT. Method: 193 patients with major depression or dysthymia were tested. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were entered as predictors in hierarchical regression analyses. Results: A higher degree of pretreatment depression, early improvement, and completion of therapy were identified as predictors for symptomatic change and response. Drop-out was predicted by concurrent personality disorder, less positive outcome expectan…
The Convenience of Applying Multilevel Modeling on Real Estate Valuation
2015
There are many economic agents interested in valuing big amounts of real estate assets. One of these agents are the financial institutions, which must value their vast mortgage portfolios periodically. In this paper we analyze the use of the Hierarchical Linear Model to value real estate portfolios. This model gives valuable information compared with the traditional OLS models and is more accurate, as it takes into account the hierarchical structure of the data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ICBM.2015.1314
On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
2019
Entities such as individuals, teams, or organizations can vary systematically from one another. Researchers typically model such data using multilevel models, assuming that the random effects are uncorrelated with the regressors. Violating this testable assumption, which is often ignored, creates an endogeneity problem thus preventing causal interpretations. Focusing on two-level models, we explain how researchers can avoid this problem by including cluster means of the Level 1 explanatory variables as controls; we explain this point conceptually and with a large-scale simulation. We further show why the common practice of centering the predictor variables is mostly unnecessary. Moreover, …