Search results for "nerve"
showing 10 items of 1683 documents
Lipid composition of the human eye: are red blood cells a good mirror of retinal and optic nerve fatty acids?
2011
International audience; BACKGROUND: The assessment of blood lipids is very frequent in clinical research as it is assumed to reflect the lipid composition of peripheral tissues. Even well accepted such relationships have never been clearly established. This is particularly true in ophthalmology where the use of blood lipids has become very common following recent data linking lipid intake to ocular health and disease. In the present study, we wanted to determine in humans whether a lipidomic approach based on red blood cells could reveal associations between circulating and tissue lipid profiles. To check if the analytical sensitivity may be of importance in such analyses, we have used a do…
Generalised sensory system abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a European multicentre study.
2007
International audience; BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined as a disease of the motor neurones, although several studies indicate involvement of the sensory nervous system. AIM: To evaluate the sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) in 88 patients with ALS as part of a European multicentre study. METHODS: Seven European clinical neurophysiologists examined consecutive series of ALS patients. The examinations were peer reviewed, and the diagnosis of ALS was confirmed clinically. RESULTS: 20 (22.7%) patients with ALS had sensory NCS abnormalities in at least one nerve. Of those, 11 (12.5% of all patients) obtained an additional peer review diagnosis of electrophysiologi…
BLBP-expression in astrocytes during experimental demyelination and in human multiple sclerosis lesions
2011
Several lines of evidence indicate that remyelination represents one of the most effective mechanisms to achieve axonal protection. For reasons that are not yet understood, this process is often incomplete or fails in multiple sclerosis (MS). Activated astrocytes appear to be able to boost or inhibit endogenous repair processes. A better understanding of remyelination in MS and possible reasons for its failure is needed. Using the well-established toxic demyelination cuprizone model, we created lesions with either robust or impaired endogenous remyelination capacity. Lesions were analyzed for mRNA expression levels by Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays. One finding was the predominance of immune a…
Research of cardiomyocyte precursors in adult rat heart
2006
Recent reports supported the existence of stem cells in adult hearts. However, phenotype and localization of these cells have not been completely described and it is unknown if cardiac regenerative potential differs from one subject to another. The aims of our work were to identify different populations of cardiac stem cells by the analysis of specific markers and to evaluate the expression variability of these markers in 12 adult rat hearts. The expression of CD9, taube nuss and nanog suggests the presence of stem cells from the earliest stages of embryogenesis in adult myocardium. Their different expression could be associated to the degree of stem cell differentiation. CD34 and c-Kit ant…
Complexity of the Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies
2015
Early-onset hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies are rare diseases representing a broad clinical and genetic spectrum. Without a notable familial history, the clinical diagnosis is complicated because acquired causes of peripheral neuropathy, such as inflammatory neuropathies, neuropathies with toxic causes, and nutritional deficiencies, must be considered. We examined the clinical, electrophysiological, and pathologic manifestations of a boy with an initial diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The progression of the disease despite treatment led to a suspicion of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Genetic testing revealed the presence of the MPZ p.D90…
3-Acetylpyridine-induced degeneration and regeneration in the adult lizard brain: a qualitative and quantitative analysis
1997
Abstract The neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine (3AP) produces highly selective neuronal damage in specific areas of the lizard brain. Following 3AP intoxication, proliferation and migration of replacement neurons born in the ventricular walls lead to regeneration of the lesioned areas. Earlier studies established the time course of 3AP-induced degeneration and subsequent regeneration in the medial cerebral cortex of adult lizards (Font, E., Garcia-Verdugo, J.M., Alcantara, S. and Lopez-Garcia, C., Neuron regeneration reverses 3-acetylpyridine-induced cell loss in the cerebral cortex of adult lizards, Brain Res. , 551 (1991) 230–235 [13] ). Complementary to our previous studies, we now provide a q…
Phagocytosis of erythrocytes in the subarachnoid space at spinal nerve exits
1982
After intracisternal injection of heparinised autologous blood in cats, spinal nerve exits (SNE) of the subarachnoid space (SAS) were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phagocytes, erythrocytes and erythrophages (= macrophages which had phagocytosed red blood cells) were found at SNE. Some lining cells of the SAS had retracted from the adjacent cells and had rounded up. Cells which formed an integral part of the subarachnoid lining cells also had phagocytosed erythrocytes. Debris of an exhausted erythrophage was phagocytosed by other macrophages. Finally the observation has been made that erythrophages are capable of leaving the SAS actively by migrating through the …
Changes in pulmonary calcitonin gene-related peptide and protein gene product 9.5 innervation in rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis.
1996
Changes in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and polyneural protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) in hilar peribronchial innervation was investigated by immunohistochemistry in specific pathogen-free rats chronically infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis. Image analysis of immunostained sections revealed a reduction of approximately 62% in the amount of CGRP- and PGP-immunoreactive innervation of the peribronchial area in the infected animals. The portion of the total bronchial perimeter occupied by bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was increased six-fold. The decrease in the CGRP-immunoreactive area could be the result either of an enhanced CGRP release or of a loss of nerve …
Supravital Methylene Blue Staining of Piloneural Complexes of Common Fur Hair Follicles in the Rat
2000
Light microscopic observations employing supravital methylene blue staining are presented for piloneural complexes of common fur hairs in the mystacial pad of the rat snout. The investigation revealed anatomical details of piloneural complexes belonging to follicles of both vellus and guard hairs. In the methylene blue stained preparations, different types of palisade-like lanceolate nerve fiber endings could be discriminated. The thicker vellus and thinner guard hairs (hair diameter: 15-25 microm) exhibited a different innervation pattern compared to the thicker guard hairs, and two subtypes of piloneural complexes could be distinguished. Both subtypes were characterized by slightly staine…
Upregulation of antibody response to heat shock proteins and tissue antigens in an ocular ischemia model.
2011
PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to characterize the serum antibody reactivities occurring after ocular ischemia reperfusion. The time course of serum antibody responses was examined. METHODS. Wistar rats were exposed to transient ocular ischemia by elevating intraocular pressure to 130 mm Hg for 60 minutes. Axonal damage was evaluated on optic-nerve sections 2 and 4 weeks later. Blood samples collected before and several times after ischemia were used for antibody detection via customized protein microarrays. Different tissue antigens, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) and crystallins, were selected based on previous identification of antibody reactivities in studies on ischemic event…