Search results for "neuron"

Treatment-resistant depression in a real-world setting: first interim analysis of characteristics, healthcare resource use, and utility values of the…

2020

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders. One-third of patients are usually unresponsive to several lines of treatment. This study aimed to describe the FondaMental French cohort of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to estimate utility and healthcare resource use outcomes. Methods: Patients with TRD were evaluated prospectively over four years (baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months) in a real-world clinical setting. Interim analyses focused on the first two consecutive years. Four MDD-related states (major depressive episode (MDE), response, remission, recovery) were defined based on the MADRS (Montgomery&ndash

Nitric oxide and sensory afferent neurones modulate the protective effects of low-dose endotoxin on rat gastric mucosal damage

1995

Pretreatment (1 h) with low doses (5-40 micrograms/kg i.p.) of Escherichia coli endotoxin dose dependently reduced the gastric mucosal damage induced by a 10 min challenge with 1 ml ethanol (50% and 100%) in conscious rats. Treatment with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.), significantly inhibited the protective effects of endotoxin (40 micrograms/kg i.p.). The actions of L-NAME were reversed by the prior administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg i.p.). The protective effects of endotoxin were not influenced by pretreatment with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg s.c. twice) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg s.c.). However, ablation of sensory affe…

Motor imagery and cortico-spinal excitability: A review

2016

International audience; Motor imagery (MI) has received a lot of interest during the last decades as its chronic or acute use has demonstrated several effects on improving sport performances or skills. The development of neuroimagery techniques also helped further our understanding of the neural correlates underlying MI. While some authors showed that MI, motor execution and action observation activated similar motor cortical regions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies brought great insights on the role of the primary motor cortex and on the activation of the cortico-spinal pathway during MI. After defining MI and describing the TMS technique, a short report of MI activities on…

Isolation and Culture of Oligodendrocytes

2019

Primary cultures of brain-derived rodent cells are widely used to study molecular and cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. In this chapter, we describe methods of purifying and culturing oligodendroglial cells from mouse perinatal brains. In addition, we describe methods of coculturing the purified oligodendrocytes with neurons. When prepared and cultured according to these protocols, many essential aspects of the biology of oligodendrocytes, such as their proliferation, differentiation, and myelination, can be studied in culture.

Psychobiological effects of perinatal exposure to odorants in mice. Part I: Morphological changes in the olfactory epithelium

2010

International audience

Walking Stroop carpet: an innovative dual-task concept for detecting cognitive impairment

2013

A Perrochon,1,2,5 G Kemoun,1,2 E Watelain,3,4 A Berthoz51ISIS, Research Institute on Handicap and Aging, Paris; 2Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement et Exercice (MOVE), EA 6314, 3Université de Valenciennes, LAMIH, UMR CNRS 8201, 4Université Sud Toulon Var, HandiBio, EA 4322, La Garde, 5LPPA, UMR CNRS 7152, Collège de France, Paris, FranceBackground: Several studies have reported the potential value of the dual-task concept during locomotion in clinical evaluation because cognitive decline is strongly associated with gait abnormalities. However, current dual-task tests appear to be insufficient for early diagnosi…

Isomorphism and Mirror Neurons

2007

This paper aims to give a constructive contribution to Eagle & Wakefield's con-tention ( Gestalt Theory 29, 59-64) that the Gestaltists' hypotheses regarding isomorphism andphenomenological direct access to other's mind anticipate recent accounts of mind-readingability. I attempt to specify the extent to which Gestalt psychology might be seen to be consistentunder certain respects with mirror neurons system theory and embodied simulation theory,claimed to be founding the aforementioned ability. Therefore, empirical and theoretical issues such as the neurobiological features of the mirrorneuron system, the psychological explanation of its functions, and the features of the embodied simulatio…

How hypothalamic mitochondria translate the energy status of the boby

2017

Previsione dell'inquinamento generato dalla mobilità veicolare e traffic management

2015

Questo studio s'inserisce in una più ampia attività di ricerca sulle correlazioni tra le concentrazioni dei principali agenti inquinanti e variabili relative sia alle condizioni meteorologiche, che ne possono favorire o meno la dispersione, sia al deflusso veicolare quale fonte primaria d'inquinamento. L'idea è quella di sviluppare una metodologia per la previsione a breve termine delle densità di quegli elementi per i quali la normativa prevede delle soglie in termini di concentrazioni medie orarie. Tutto ciò al fine di potersi avvalere, in futuro, di modelli e tecnologie per sapere, con qualche ora di anticipo, se in una determinata zona di un centro urbano, un giorno, possa verificarsi q…

Effect of the serum from multiple sclerosis patients on an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier.

2008

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by focal inflammatory demyelination, largely due to autoimmune responses against different components of the myelin sheet. It is also generally accepted that the pathogenesis of MS consists of inflammatory and neurodegenerative phases, where demyelination should produce partially reversible clinical deficits that can remit, due to limited remyelination, while axonal degeneration produces permanent non-remitting clinical damage. It is also assumed that nervous system inflammation is initiated by autoreactive, myelin-specific T cells that permeate the blood-brain barrier and trigger a series of events leading to tissue destruction. In addition to antib…