Search results for "nutrient"
showing 10 items of 668 documents
Carbon and nutrient biological removal in a University of Cape Town membrane bioreactor: Analysis of a pilot plant operated under two different C/N r…
2016
Abstract The effect of the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio variation in a University of Cape Town Membrane bioreactor (UCT-MBR) was investigated. The experimental campaign was divided into two phases, each characterized by a different C/N ratio (namely, 10 and 5, Phase I and Phase II, respectively). The UCT-MBR pilot plant was analysed in terms of carbon and nutrients removal, biomass respiratory activity, activated sludge features and membrane fouling. The results highlighted that the nutrients removal was significantly affected by the decrease of the C/N ratio during the Phase II. The biological carbon removal was also affected by the low C/N value during the Phase II. Indeed, the average …
Short-Term Effects on Gene-Expression and on DNA-Methylation at the Genome-Wide Level of the Iberian Ham Intake and Compared With Orange Intake: A Cr…
2021
OBJECTIVES: Diet regulates gene expression and methylation profiles by several mechanisms. However, studies analyzing the simultaneous effect of specific foods on gene-expression and DNA methylation at the genome-wide level are very scarce. Therefore our aims were: To study the short-term transcriptomics and epigenomcis effects at the genome-wide level of the Iberian ham intake compared with orange intake in the same subjects. METHODS: We carried out a cross-over randomized trial (registered at ISRCTN17906849) in 33 healhty volunteers (aged 18–50 years and 50% females) of European ancestry. After 12h fasting, participants were randomly allocated to eat 67.5 g of Iberian ham (100% pure iberi…
The potential of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest for hazard evaluation of sediments in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems
2009
The applicability of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest for toxicity assessment of sediments in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems was evaluated. Sediments were collected from Turawa dam reservoir (southwestern Poland) which, for years, has been subjected to a marked nutrient enrichment and heavy metal contamination. The test plant species were exposed to whole sediments, solid phases of sediments, and pore waters. Phytotoxicity was estimated on the basis of seed germination and root elongation measurements, combined into an overall germination index (GI). For pore waters, the majority of GI values were not statistically different from the controls, which was consistent with chemical data. For solid…
Resistant ammonia-oxidizing archaea endure, but adapting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria thrive in boreal lake sediments receiving nutrient-rich effluents.
2018
Summary Climate change along with anthropogenic activities changes biogeochemical conditions in lake ecosystems, modifying the sediment microbial communities. Wastewater effluents introduce nutrients and organic material but also novel microbes to lake ecosystems, simulating forthcoming increases in catchment loadings. In this work, we first used 16s rRNA gene sequencing to study how the overall sediment microbial community responds to wastewater in six boreal lakes. To examine forthcoming changes in the lake biogeochemistry, we focused on the ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), and examined their functional and compositional community response to wastewater. Although we fou…
Dietary intake and food pattern among university students
2000
Dietary intake and food pattern were determined among university students. Nine hundred-eighteen students (384 males and 534 females) completed a 24 hour recall and a questionnaire. This study showed an average energy intake of 10.3 and 8.0 MJ among male and female university students. The mean intakes of energy and magnesium for males and energy, iron, magnesium and zinc for females were lower to the Spanish Recommended Intakes. For males, breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks bring about 18, 33, 25 and 27% of total dairy energy, respectively, however, for females a 15, 34, 23 and 27% of total dairy energy were obtained for breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, respectively. The university po…
Vitamin D deficiency and leisure time activities in the elderly: are all pastimes the same?
2014
Background Optimal vitamin D status is important for overall health and well-being, particularly in the elderly. Although vitamin D synthesis in the skin declines with age, exposure to sunlight still seems to help older-aged adults to achieve adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Elderly people would therefore benefit from outdoor leisure activities, but the effects of different types of pastime on serum 25OHD levels have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Aims To assess the association of different pastimes with 25OHD deficiency in elderly subjects. Methods A sample of 2,349 community-dwelling elderly individuals (1,389 females and 960 males) enrolled in the Progetto Veneto An…
A high dietary glycemic index increases total mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk
2014
© 2014 Castro-Quezada et al. Objective: Different types of carbohydrates have diverse glycemic response, thus glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are used to assess this variation. The impact of dietary GI and GL in all-cause mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between dietary GI and GL and risk of all-cause mortality in the PREDIMED study. Material and Methods: The PREDIMED study is a randomized nutritional intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention based on community-dwelling men and women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary information was collected at baseline and yearly using a validated 137-item food freque…
Dietary Strategies and Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
2019
Abstract Cognitive decline and dementia are increasing and will continue to do so in parallel with aging of the world population. Because effective pharmaceutical treatments for age-related cognitive decline are lacking, alternative strategies comprising dietary approaches have been proposed. Several dietary components and supplements have been studied regarding their association with cognitive decline. Dietary patterns combine foods and nutrients that may act synergistically and may provide stronger benefit than those conferred by individual dietary components. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with decreased cognitive decline and incident Alzheimer’…
The importance of a registered dietitian in restaurants: a pilot study in Valencia (Spain)
2011
University students have the option to purchase their meals at university restaurants; in general, food eaten away from home has high contents of saturated fat and energy. The aim of this work was to perform a pilot study of the nutritional adequacy of meals served at two university restaurants from Valencia. Energy, macronutrient and micronutrient contents were calculated and compared against the Spanish Recommended Dietary Intake (SRDI). Daily menus provided a high amount of energy; lunch from restaurant 1 provides 60 and 78% of the energetic SRDI for male and female, respectively. In restaurant 2 these values are 49.5 and 64.6%, respectively. Menus from one university restaurant are plan…
Dietary Microperiodization in Elite Female and Male Runners and Race Walkers During a Block of High Intensity Precompetition Training.
2017
We investigated one week of dietary microperiodization in elite female (n = 23) and male (n = 15) runners and race-walkers by examining the frequency of training sessions and recovery periods conducted with recommended carbohydrate (CHO) and protein availability. Food and training diaries were recorded in relation to HARD (intense or >90min sessions; KEY) versus RECOVERY days (other-than KEY sessions; EASY). The targets for amount and timing of CHO and protein around KEY sessions were based on current nutrition recommendations. Relative daily energy and CHO intake was significantly (p < .05) higher in males (224 ± 26 kJ/kg/d, 7.3 ± 1.4 g/kg/d CHO) than females (204 ± 29 kJ/kg/d, 6.2 ±…