Search results for "ontologie"
showing 10 items of 106 documents
Defining the genomic signature of totipotency and pluripotency during early human development.
2013
The genetic mechanisms governing human pre-implantation embryo development and the in vitro counterparts, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), still remain incomplete. Previous global genome studies demonstrated that totipotent blastomeres from day-3 human embryos and pluripotent inner cell masses (ICMs) from blastocysts, display unique and differing transcriptomes. Nevertheless, comparative gene expression analysis has revealed that no significant differences exist between hESCs derived from blastomeres versus those obtained from ICMs, suggesting that pluripotent hESCs involve a new developmental progression. To understand early human stages evolution, we developed an undifferentiation netw…
Towards the observation of Territorial Energy Systems : a geographical design approach for energy territorialisation
2014
Having an effect on a system calls for a thorough knowledge of it. The main goal of this research is toprovide a general framework for the interpretation of geographic information, as well as a methodologicalframework to understand the interrelations between territory and energy in the context of a territorialobservatory. A literature review of energy planning on the one hand and spatial planning on the other revealssimilar developments in the two fields, in particular in terms of decentralisation and environmental concerns.The change of geographical scale chosen for the analysis brings new possibilities for public intervention. Inthis context, therefore, local authorities have a key role t…
Deux espèces sous un même masque. Le point de vue paléontologique piégé par les coquilles de deux espèces européennes de Trivia (Mollusca, Gastropoda…
2006
16 pages; Lʼexpérience tentée dans ce travail a pour but dʼévaluer certaines conséquences des lacunes dʼinformation liées à la fossilisation sur la perception de lʼespèce en paléontologie. Cette expérience consiste à mener une étude de « type paléontologique » sur du matériel actuel puis à relire les résultats à la lumière des connaissances biologiques. Lʼobjet et le cadre de lʼétude ont donc été sélectionnés pour disposer dʼun matériel abondant et de bonne qualité dans un contexte spatio-temporel bien défini, et ainsi permettre de simuler ou non des lacunes dʼinformation. Trivia arctica et T. monacha, deux espèces proches de gastéropodes marins actuels vivant dans les eaux infra-littorales…
Post-mortem enamel surface texture alteration during taphonomic processes—do experimental approaches reflect natural phenomena?
2022
Experimental approaches are often used to better understand the mechanisms behindand consequences of post-mortem alteration on proxies for diet reconstruction.Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is such a dietary proxy, using dental wearfeatures in extant and extinct taxa to reconstruct feeding behaviour and mechanicalfood properties. In fossil specimens especially, DMTA can be biased by post-mortemalteration caused by mechanical or chemical alteration of the enamel surface. Herewe performed three different dental surface alteration experiments to assess the effectof common taphonomic processes by simplifying them: (1) tumbling in sedimentsuspension to simulate fluvial transport, (2) s…
A Semantic Web Approach for Geodata Discovery
2013
International audience; Currently, vast amounts of geospatial information are o ffered through OGC's services. However this information has limited formal semantics. The most common method to search for a dataset consists in matching keywords to metadata elements. By adding semantics to available descriptions we could use modern inference and reasoning mechanisms currently available in the SemanticWeb. In this paper we present a novel architecture currently in development in which we use state of the art triplestores as the backend of a CSW service. In our approach, each metadata record is considered an instance of a given class in a domain ontology. Our architecture also adds a spatial dat…
Einübung in das Denken. Gérard Granels ‚Introduction‘ zu seiner Übersetzung von Martin Heideggers Was heißt Denken?
2018
Im Beitrag wird Gérard Granels "introduction“ zu seiner "traduction" von Heideggers "Was heißt Denken?" vorgestellt, die Ende der Fünfzigerjahre in Zusammenarbeit mit dem deutschen Aloys Becker entstand und 1959 erstmalig bei den Presses Universitaires de France erschien. Dieser sprachlich und gedanklich bemerkenswert dichte Übersetzungskommentar Granels ist im Hinblick auf die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Theorie und Praxis des Übersetzens, die als Frage nach der Möglichkeit einer Überwindung gestellt wird, umso aufschlussreicher, als bereits die heideggersche Vorlage wesentlich um den Zusammenhang von Denken und Übersetzen, Sprachmaterialität und Sinnschöpfung kreist.
Database to Ontology Mapping Patterns in RDB2OWL Lite
2016
We describe the RDB2OWL Lite language for relational database to RDF/OWL mapping specification and discuss the architectural and content specification patterns arising in mapping definition. RDB2OWL Lite is a simplification of original RDB2OWL with aggregation possibilities and order-based filters removed, while providing in-mapping SQL view definition possibilities. The mapping constructs and their usage patterns are illustrated on mapping examples from medical domain: medicine registries and hospital information system. The RDB2OWL Lite mapping implementation is offered both via translation into D2RQ and into standard R2RML mapping notations.
Enrichissement sémantique d'un fichier IFC pour une extraction partielle dynamique
2014
International audience; La dématérialisation de l'ensemble des données et des processus dans le domaine du bâtiment est un enjeu mondial depuis ces 10 dernières années. Au-delà de la simple représentation géométrique d'un bâtiment, le BIM s'impose petit à petit comme un système d'information coopératif complexe, intégrant avec difficulté les données et pratiques hétérogènes des différents acteurs du domaine. La restitution intégrée de ces données aux usagers du bâtiment est une opération délicate. Pour répondre à ce verrou, nous utilisons une approche sémantique de représentation du bâtiment et particulièrement de la norme IFC. Cette approche permet d'extraire des fichiers IFC valides, part…
On Using Conceptual Modeling for Ontologies
2004
Are database concepts and techniques suitable for ontology design and management? The question has been on the floor for some time already. It gets a new emphasis today, thanks to the focus on ontologies and ontology services due to the spread of web services as a new paradigm for information management. This paper analyzes some of the arguments that are relevant to the debate, in particular the question whether conceptual data models would adequately support the design and use of ontologies. It concludes suggesting a hybrid approach, combining databases and logic-based services.
DYNAMIC SEMANTIC USER PROFILING FROM IMPLICIT WEB NAVIGATION DATA
2014
International audience; On the Web, pages are often dynamically generated and allow publishers to individually adapt contents to each viewer. Underlying systems must correctly understand the user's context - crucial especially in the case of online advertisement placement. The article at hand describes our proposition of a novel profiling system, adapted to the special needs of digital advertising. Based on Semantic Web Technologies, the MindMinings system relies on an ontology to enable thorough understanding of each user's context and needs. The underlying ontology structure also provides enhanced interoperability with semantically annotated knowledge resources, notably vocabularies from …