Search results for "opioid"
showing 10 items of 320 documents
From political controversy to a technical problem? Fifteen years of opioid substitution treatment in Finland
2013
Abstract Background The aim of the article is to analyze changes in opioid substitution treatments (OST) in Finland. OST spread in Finland in the late 1990s and early 2000s (Phase 1). Since then, OST has become an integrated part of Finnish drug policy and is provided in various substance abuse treatment units as well as in municipal health centers (Phase 2). Methods The paper analyses the policy around the implementation of opioid substitution treatment in Finland, focusing on identifying the key factors and the relations between them that have contributed to the implementation of OST in Finland. Results OST has become accepted in Finland during the past ten years as a crucial element of a…
P-56LOCAL BLOCKADE OF THE MU OPIOID RECEPTOR REVEALS THE DUAL MOTOR EFFECT OF ETHANOL IN pVTA
2015
Previous electrophysiological and behavioral data have revealed the existence of ethanol opposite effects (excitatory and inhibitory) on the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) dopamine (DA) neurons activity. These activating and depressing effects of ethanol could be the result of two concurrent and opposing mechanisms, one increasing and the other reducing GABA release …
Opioid epidemic spread from Northern and Eastern Europe to Mediterranean Area.
2021
The addiction to illicit opioid and the misuse of prescription synthetic opioids pain relievers and fentanyl analogs generated an opioid epidemic in North America over the last two decades that affected public health with a constantly rising number of overdoses deaths. This health treat moved to Europe with a significant increase starting from 2015 involving mainly norther and eastern countries and finally also the Mediterranean area. The "lock down" isolation and economic recession caused by COVID-19 pandemic showed a resurgence in opioid use and harms.
Breakthrough Pain (BTP) in Opioid-Tolerant Cancer Patients: A Pan-European Open-Label Multicentre Study with Fentanyl Buccal Tablet (FBT)
2012
ABSTRACT BTP, a transitory exacerbation of pain that occurs on a background of otherwise controlled persistent pain, is a common problem in cancer patients. FBT is indicated for the treatment of BTP in adults with cancer already receiving maintenance opioid therapy for chronic cancer pain and should be titrated to an effective dose that provides adequate analgesia and minimises undesirable events. In this study, patients entered a screening period and were randomized during an open-label titration period to a starting FBT dose of 100 µg (group A) or 200 µg (group B) to identify the FBT effective dose and then treated in an open-label period (for 8 BTP episodes). Patients' inclusion followed…
Pharmacotherapy for Breakthrough Cancer Pain
2012
Breakthrough pain (BTP) is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously, or in relation to a specific predictable or unpredictable trigger, despite relatively stable and adequately controlled background pain. The principal pharmacological treatment of BTP is represented by the administration of opioids as needed. Oral opioids have traditionally been the only available drugs for BTP. However, the onset and duration of action of oral opioids such as morphine or oxycodone may not be suitable for treating many episodes of BTP that are of short onset and duration. Transmucosal administration of lipophilic substances has gained a growing popularity in recent years due to the …
The Association between a MAOB Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism and Cocaine and Opiate Addictions in Polyconsumers
2021
Genetic analysis of the association between alcohol, cocaine, and opiate addiction and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) and serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B and 2C (HTR1B 21 and HTR2C) pathway genes was performed in a sample of 302 polyconsumers. Our genetic association analysis revealed a significant association between a 184 base pair (bp) VNTR polymorphism in the MAOB gene and addiction to cocaine and opiates. This work highlights new genetic marker associations in cocaine and opiate polyconsumer addictions. These data help to clarify and quantify the complex role of genetics in addictive disorders, as well as their …
Direct-acting antiviral treatment of chronic HCV-infected patients on opioid substitution therapy: Still a concern in clinical practice?
2018
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is limited real-world information on the effectiveness of antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in people on opioid substitution therapy (OST). This study compared sustained virological response (SVR) rates and proportion of lost to follow-up (LTFU) between OST and non-OST patients in the German Hepatitis C-Registry (DHC-R). DESIGN National multi-centre prospective real-world registry (German Hepatitis C-Registry, DHC-R). Non-OST patients comprised patients with former/current drug use (non-OST/DU) and patients never consuming drugs (non-OST/NDU). SETTING A total of 254 medical centres in Germany, inclu…
Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] Enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]Enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to Airway and Pulmonary Tissues of Normal and S…
1997
Abstract Bhargava, H. N., V. M. Villar, J. Cortijo and E. J. Morcillo. Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to airway and pulmonary tissues of normal and sensitized rats. Peptides 18(10) 1603–1608, 1997.—The role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of bronchomotor tone, as well as in the pathophysiology of asthma is uncertain. We have studied the binding of highly selective [3H]labeled ligands of μ-([D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin; DAMGO), δ ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin; DPDPE), and κ-(U-69,593) opioid receptors to membranes of trachea, main bronchus, lung parenchyma and pulmonary artery obtained from normal (uns…
Rapid Titration With Intravenous Oxycodone for Severe Cancer Pain and Oral Conversion Ratio.
2022
to assess a dose titration with intravenous oxycodone to achieve rapid pain relief of cancer pain of severe intensity. The second objective was to provide a conversion ratio with the oral route.Cancer patients admitted for severe pain were prospectively assessed. At admission (T0) previous opioid doses were recorded. Edmonton symptom assessment scale (ESAS) was collected from T0 until the conclusion of the observation. Intravenous boluses of oxycodone were given until the initial signs of significant analgesia were detected. The effective dose was multiplied for six and given as intravenous continuous infusion. When the patient was considered stabilized the intravenous daily dose was conver…
Immunohistochemical expression and distribution of orexin, orphanin and leptin in the major salivary glands of some mammals
2012
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the involvement of apoptotic factors, cytokeratins and metalloproteinase- 9 in the histogenesis of both Epithelialized Gingival Lesions (EGL) and Periapical Lesions (PAL). 55 consecutive patients, 30 with PAL and 25 with EGL, were selected for the study after clinical and radiological examinations. The PAL patients had severe periapical lesions and tooth decay with exposure of the pulp chamber. All PAL and EGL biopsies were surgically extracted, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed for routine light microscopy. Ten biopsies of each category were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serial paraffin sections were stained by IHC with a…