Search results for "osta"

Self-adjuvanting C18 lipid vinil sulfone-PP2A vaccine: study of the induced immunomodulation against Trichuris muris infection

2017

Despite the importance of the adjuvant in the immunization process, very few adjuvants merge with the antigens in vaccines. A synthetic self-adjuvant oleic-vinyl sulfone (OVS) linked to the catalytic region of recombinant serine/threonine phosphatase 2A from the nematode Angiostrongylus costaricensis (rPP2A) was used for intranasal immunization in mice previously infected with Trichuris muris . The animal intranasal immunization with rPP2A-OVS showed a reduction of 99.01% in the number of the nematode eggs and 97.90% in adult. The immunohistochemical analysis of the intestinal sections showed that in immunized animals with lipopeptide the mucus was significantly higher than in the other ex…

Novel Immune Features of the Systemic Inflammation Associated with Primary Hypercholesterolemia: Changes in Cytokine/Chemokine Profile, Increased Pla…

2018

Primary hypercholesterolemia (PH) is associated with a low grade systemic inflammation that is likely the main driver of premature atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we characterized the immune cell behaviour in PH and its potential consequences. Whole blood from 22 PH patients and 21 age-matched controls was analysed by flow cytometry to determine the percentage of leukocyte immunophenotypes, activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Plasma markers were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). The adhesion of platelet-leukocyte aggregates to tumor necrosis factor-&alpha

Mg2+ homeostasis and transport in cyanobacteria – at the crossroads of bacterial and chloroplast Mg2+ import

2018

Abstract Magnesium cation (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, where it is required for various intracellular functions. In chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, established photosynthetic model systems, Mg2+ is the central ion in chlorophylls, and Mg2+ flux across the thylakoid membrane is required for counterbalancing the light-induced generation of a ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane. Yet, not much is known about Mg2+ homoeostasis, transport and distribution within cyanobacteria. However, Mg2+ transport across membranes has been studied in non-photosynthetic bacteria, and first observations and findings are reported for chloroplasts. Cyanobacterial cytoplasmic membranes…

2019

Urothelial cancer (UC) is one of the most common cancers in Europe and is also one of the costliest to treat. When first line therapies show initial success, around 50% of cancers relapse and proceed to metastasis. In this study we assessed the Protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (PIAS)1 as a potential therapeutic target in urothelial cancer. PIAS1 is a key regulator of STAT1 signalling and may be implicated in carcinogenesis. In contrast to other cancer types PIAS1 protein expression is not significantly different in malignant areas of UC specimens compared to non-malignant tissue. In addition, we found that down-regulation and overexpression o…

Enhanced autophagic-lysosomal activity and increased BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy as adaptive response of neuronal cells to chronic oxidati…

2019

Oxidative stress and a disturbed cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) belong to the most important hallmarks of aging and of neurodegenerative disorders. The proteasomal and autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathways are key measures to maintain proteostasis. Here, we report that hippocampal cells selected for full adaptation and resistance to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (oxidative stress-resistant cells, OxSR cells) showed a massive increase in the expression of components of the cellular autophagic-lysosomal network and a significantly higher overall autophagic activity. A comparative expression analysis revealed that distinct key regulators of autophagy are upregu…

Large-scale identification of functional microRNA targeting reveals cooperative regulation of the hemostatic system.

2018

Essentials MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the molecular networks controlling biological functions such as hemostasis. We utilized novel methods to analyze miRNA-mediated regulation of the hemostatic system. 52 specific miRNA interactions with 11 key hemostatic associated genes were identified. Functionality and drugability of miRNA-19b-3p against antithrombin were demonstrated in vivo. SUMMARY: Background microRNAs (miRNAs) confer robustness to complex molecular networks regulating biological functions. However, despite the involvement of miRNAs in almost all biological processes, and the importance of the hemostatic system for a multitude of actions in and beyond blood coagulation, the role o…

Harnessing mechanosensation in next generation cardiovascular tissue engineering

2020

The ability of the cells to sense mechanical cues is an integral component of ”social” cell behavior inside tissues with a complex architecture. Through ”mechanosensation” cells are in fact able to decrypt motion, geometries and physical information of surrounding cells and extracellular matrices by activating intracellular pathways converging onto gene expression circuitries controlling cell and tissue homeostasis. Additionally, only recently cell mechanosensation has been integrated systematically as a crucial element in tissue pathophysiology. In the present review, we highlight some of the current efforts to assess the relevance of mechanical sensing into pathology modeling and manufact…

The good and bad of targeting cancer-associated extracellular matrix

2017

The maintenance of tissue homeostasis requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Immune cells actively participate in regenerating damaged tissues contributing to ECM deposition and shaping. Dysregulated ECM deposition characterizes fibrotic diseases and cancer stromatogenesis, where a chronic inflammatory state sustains the ECM increase. In cancer, the ECM fosters several steps of tumor progression, providing pro-survival and proliferative signals, promoting tumor cell dissemination via collagen fibers or acting as a barrier to impede drug diffusion. Interfering with processes leading to chronic ECM deposition, as occurring in cancer, might allow the simultaneous targeting of both pri…

DNA Damage and Repair in Degenerative Diseases 2016

2016

Given the great importance of the integrity of DNA for the correct transmission of the genetic message, repairing the induced lesions to its molecular structure by different endogenous or exogenous origin is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and biological functions of living organisms.[...]

The activation of NMDA receptors alters the structural dynamics of the spines of hippocampal interneurons

2017

N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are present in both pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the hippocampus. These receptors play a key role in the structural plasticity of excitatory neurons, but to date little is known about their influence on the remodeling of interneurons. Among hippocampal interneurons, the somatostatin expressing cells in the CA1 stratum oriens are of special interest because of their functional importance and structural characteristics: they display dendritic spines, which change their density in response to different stimuli. In order to understand the role of NMDAR activation on the structural dynamics of the spines of somatostatin expressing interneurons in …