Search results for "parameter"
showing 10 items of 14056 documents
A procedure to calculate the five-parameter model of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules on the basis of the tabular performance data
2013
Abstract Only few manufactures provide the wide set of graphical data that are necessary to use high performance predictive tools for PV systems. On the other hand, reliable graphical data require accurate laboratory measurements that increase manufacturing costs. For this reason PV system designers have to choose between the use of cheap PV modules, lacking in technical data, and the reliable energy predictions that are possible only if the current–voltage characteristics are provided by the PV module manufacturers. This paper describes the procedure to evaluate the parameters of a one-diode equivalent circuit able to accurately represent the electrical behaviour of a PV panel by means of …
Review of the energy and economic parameters involved in the effectiveness of grid-connected PV systems installed in multi-storey buildings
2014
Abstract The assessment of PV energy in an urban context is extremely complex because many factors have to be considered. Moreover, when the purpose is calculating the realistic amount of the electricity demand of a city that can be covered by the photovoltaic generation, it is necessary to estimate the number of photovoltaic systems whose installation is economically advantageous. Such a topic requires an economic analysis, which is affected by the number of energy and economic parameters involved and the values assigned to them to perform calculations. Some parameters are perfectly known and unvarying, like the paid incentives. Adversely, some parameters, like the efficiency degradation o…
A device for PV modules I-V characteristic detection
2013
In this paper an electronic load suitable for the PV module I-V characteristic curve fast detection is presented. This device is designed in agreement with the IEC 82 Techinical Committee Standard since it allows the detection of the characteristic starting from voltage values even lower than 3% of the PV module open circuit voltage. The device main features are short time characteristc detection (2 s), limited ripple of the detected characteristic and low cost. Its validation is carried out by comparing measured data with data from simulations. Simulations are carried out considering two different commercial PV modules and by implementing in Matlab-Simulink environment the four lumped para…
A robust calibration methodology for an On-Board Diagnostic car system
2006
New car models are now by law equipped with on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems aimed at monitoring the state of health of strategic components that ensure low levels of polluting exhaust emissions. During development phases, for each new car model, the OBD system must be finely calibrated. This article presents a robust calibration methodology taking into account sources of variability mainly due to production process, operating, and environmental conditions. The methodology enables us to evaluate the false alarm and failure to detect risks intrinsically related to the adopted calibration. An application concerning an upstream oxygen sensor monitored by the OBD is presented.
Task scheduling control of BGA solder joint process in flexible manufacturing system
2006
This paper describes an open loop control method of the solder joint process in a rework station for faulty printed circuit board (PCBs) containing electronic components in packages ball grid arrays (BGAs). In particular, a mathematical model describing the solder joint process is, first of all, obtained. Then, the desired thermal profile of the junctions BGA-PCB is determined according to the physical constraints of the rework station framework. The control parameters corresponding to the above desired thermal profile are identified using the above mathematical model. Finally, the open loop control algorithm is implemented on the supervisor interface of the rework station in order to carri…
Clean recovery of antioxidant compounds from plant foods, by-products and algae assisted by ultrasounds processing. Modeling approaches to optimize p…
2015
Ultrasound treatment is an alternative affordable, effective and reproducible method for the improved recovery of bioactive compounds from various processing streams. The objective of this review is to discuss the impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the recovery of polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls from vegetal and algae matters. Optimization strategies will need to focus on appropriate equipment design and configuration of ultrasonic components, and extrinsic and intrinsic control parameters including ultrasonic power, temperature and extraction time to maximize the yield and biological activity of the extract. Modeling strategies to characterize and optimize ultrasound pro…
Noise and gain performance of PSA transistor series for personal communication systems vs. emitter number and operating conditions
1995
The booming market of communication system applications in the low microwave range put greater demands on the component performance at lower supply voltages and limited current consumption, as well as on production cost and integration level. In this work, we present the results of an extensive characterization activity carried out on several advanced polysilicon bipolar transistors as requested by the manufacturer. The devices were grouped according to their emitter finger number and were characterized over the 2-6 GHz frequency range in terms of noise, gain and scatterino parameters at different bias conditions. A comparative analysis has been performed to explore how the transistor perfo…
Fiber laser mode locked through an evolutionary algorithm
2015
Mode locking of fiber lasers generally involves adjusting several control parameters, in connection with a wide range of accessible short-pulse dynamics. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate the ability of an evolutionary algorithm to prescribe a set of cavity parameters entailing specific self-starting mode locking. The prescribed parameters are applied to electrically driven polarization controllers, thus shaping the effective nonlinear transfer function at play within the fiber cavity. According to the specifications of the objective function used for the optimization procedure, various short-pulse regimes are obtained. Our versatile method represents an effective novel avenue f…
Automated single ring infiltrometer with a low-cost microcontroller circuit
2015
Automation of a new single ring infiltrometer.Data acquisition system based on the open source microcontroller platform Arduino.New method to minimize the disturbance of the soil surface.New approach to process transducer output. A method to automate data collection with a compact infiltrometer under constant head conditions was developed. The infiltrometer consists of a containment ring with a small quasi-constant head of water (i.e., 2-3mm) that is controlled by a Mariotte reservoir and a data acquisition system based on the open source microcontroller platform Arduino and a differential pressure transducer. The presented design can be easily reproduced and operated.The infiltrometer was …
odeling of Human Arm Energy Expenditure for Predicting Energy Optimal Trajectories
2011
Human arm motion can inspire the trajectory planning of anthropomorphic robotic arms to achieve energy-efficient movements. An approach for predicting metabolic cost in the planar human arm motion by means of the biomechanical simulation is proposed in this work. Two biomechanical models, including an analytical model and a musculoskeletal model, are developed to implement the proposed approach. The analytical model is developed by modifying a human muscle expenditure model, in which the muscles are grouped as torque providers for computation efficiency. In the musculoskeletal model, the predication of metabolic cost is conducted on the basis of individual muscles. With the proposed approac…