Search results for "phenobarbital."
showing 10 items of 61 documents
Pregnancy Outcome in Maternal Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
2008
<i>Objective:</i> To report a case of maternal Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) type II in pregnancy, systematically review the literature for similar case reports, and to evaluate whether pregnancy is safe in patients with the disease. Data sources included the PubMed and uptodate databases. <i>Results:</i> A 37-year-old mother with CNS type II was treated with phenobarbital during her pregnancy and her bilirubin levels were monitored. Her newborn had mild direct hyperbilirubinemia, did not require any treatment and his postnatal follow-up showed normal growth and development as well as normal hearing. <i>Conclusion:</i> CNS type II is rare, and only a few …
Drug-induced pertubation of the aminothiol redox-status in patients with epilepsy: improvement by B-vitamins.
2008
Summary Objectives Patients with epilepsy have excess morbidity and mortality due to ischemic cardiovascular disease. Many of these patients have elevated concentrations of plasma total homocysteine (Hcy), which is an acknowledged risk factor for cardiovascular disease, venous thromboembolic disease, foetal malformations and dementia. Hyperhomocysteinemia may have negative effects through mechanisms involving oxidative damage. In the present study, we have investigated the aminothiol redox-status in patients on antiepileptic drugs. Thereafter, in a subset of patients with elevated total Hcy, we evaluated the effect of B-vitamin therapy. Methods In the first part of the study, 101 patients o…
Prevalence of epilepsy. A door-to-door survey in the Sicilian community of Riposto.
1996
In a door-to-door survey of common neurological disorders in Sicily (SNES Project), we administered a screening symptoms questionnaire and a brief neurological examination to detect epileptic patients. All of the subjects effectively resident in the community of Riposto on 1 November 1987 (prevalence day) were investigated (n = 9956). The subjects with a positive questionnaire or a previous diagnosis of epilepsy were extensively examined by a neurologist and then definitively classified for epilepsy by a panel of senior neurologists. The crude prevalence of active and non-active epilepsy was 3.21/1000; the prevalence of active epilepsy alone was 2.71/1000. Of the 27 active cases, sixteen we…
Determination of barbiturates in urine by micellar liquid chromatography and direct injection of sample.
2000
Abstract A liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of six barbiturates (barbital, diallyl barbituric acid, phenobarbital, butabarbital, amobarbital and pentobarbital) in urine samples is described. The proposed system uses a Spherisorb octadecyl-silane ODS-2 C 18 analytical column and a guard column of similar characteristics. The UV detector was set at 240 nm. A study to select adequate composition of the micellar mobile phase for the separation of these compounds in urine samples is performed. Maximum resolution was achieved with a 0.07 M sodium dodecylsulphate-0.3% propanol at pH 7.4 eluent. Limits of detection at 240 nm were ranged between 0.13 μg ml −1 for diallyl barbit…
Phosphorylation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes: regulation of the phosphorylation status of the major phenobarbital inducible cytochromes P-450 i…
1989
We present data showing that the major phenobarbital inducible cytochromes P-450 (cytochrome P-450IIB1 and cytochrome P-450IIB2) were phosphorylated in intact hepatocytes. This phosphorylation was greatly increased by the cAMP derivatives N6-dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-thiomethyl-cAMP mediated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Most importantly the phosphorylation status of cytochromes P-450 was shown to change in the hepatocytes after treatment with glucagon, which is known to increase the level of cAMP in hepatocytes. The observed impact of the hormone glucagon on the phosphorylation of distinct cytochrome P-450 forms in intact hepatocytes reveals the possibility that the enzyme activity of cyt…
Polychlorinated biphenyls, classified as either phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducers of cytochrome P-450, are both hepatic tumor prom…
1986
Abstract The cytochrome P -450 isozymes, cytochrome P -450 MC 1 and MC 2 , purified from rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), were found by immunohistochemical staining to be strongly induced in the livers of rats treated with 3,3′, 4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP), while the cytochrome P -450 isozymes, PB 1 and PB 2 , purified from the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital (PB), were shown to be induced in the livers of rats treated with 2,2′, 4,4′, 5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP). The latter compound also strongly induced NADPH-cytochrome P -450-reductase. Following induction, all 5 enzymes were located preferentially in the centrilobular and midzonal region of the liver acinus.…
Development of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase-deficient lesions during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
1993
Rat liver cytosolic hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases form highly reactive sulfuric acid esters from some benzylic alcohols, such as 1-hydroxymethylpyrene. In this study we examined the expression of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase a (STa) in carcinogen-induced enzyme-altered, presumably preneoplastic, rat liver foci. Female Wistar rats were given a single i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (0.15 mumol/g body wt) 1 day after birth to induce the liver foci. After weaning, rats were given 1-hydroxymethylpyrene or phenobarbital continuously in their diet (250 or 500 p.p.m. respectively) for a total of 120 days. Carcinogen-induced liver foci were identified by a change in the marker enzyme ade…
Microsomal activation of dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene (anthanthrene), a hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon without a bay-region, to mutagenic metabolites.
2002
Metabolically formed dihydrodiol epoxides in the bay-region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are thought to be responsible for the genotoxic properties of these environmental pollutants. The hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene (anthanthrene), although lacking this structural feature, was found to exhibit considerable bacterial mutagenicity in histidine-dependent strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA104 of S. typhimurium in the range of 18-40 his(+)-revertant colonies/nmol after metabolic activation with the hepatic postmitochondrial fraction of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with Aroclor 1254. This mutagenic effect amounted to 44-84% of the values determined with benzo[a]py…
Quantitative analysis of mixtures of metal-carbonyl complexes by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: application to the simultaneous double immu…
1996
Abstract The feasibility of a double immunoassay of haptens by the nonisotopic carbonyl metalloimmunoassay (CMIA) method is demonstrated. Three different pairings of antiepileptic medications from the groups carbamazepine, diphenylhydantoin, and phenobarbital (for each of which a mono-CMIA is already available) were assayed by double CMIA. The assay method employs as tracers metal–carbonyl complexes that give very strong signals in the range of 1850–2200 cm −1 in the infrared spectrum, permitting quantitative analysis by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The fact that the signals are individually assignable and of comparable intensity permits quantitative analysis of mixtures of two …
Phosphorylation of rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 LM2 and its effect on monooxygenase activity
1984
The phosphorylation of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 LM2 by catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (W. Pyerin et al. (1983) Carcinogenesis 4, 573) has now been studied in detail with purified soluble form of cytochrome P-450 as well as with the purified protein incorporated into model membranes. The apparent Km values for P-450 of the phosphorylation reaction in all experimental systems were in a range of 2-8 microM, while the Vmax values were dependent on the state of P-450. Upon phosphorylation, the reconstituted enzyme activities with benzphetamine (N-demethylation) and 7-ethoxycoumarin (O-deethylation) as substrates were reduced to 30-40% of control.