Search results for "plaques"

ADAM10 in Alzheimer's disease: Pharmacological modulation by natural compounds and its role as a peripheral marker.

2019

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a global burden in the economics of healthcare systems. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are formed by amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) cleavage, which can be processed by two pathways. The cleavage by the α-secretase A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) releases the soluble portion (sAβPPα) and prevents senile plaques. This pathway remains largely unknown and ignored, mainly regarding pharmacological approaches that may act via different signaling cascades and thus stimulate non-amyloidogenic cleavage through ADAM10. This review emphasizes the effects of natural compounds on ADAM10 modulation, which eventuates in a neuroprotective mechanism. M…

Inflammation, genes and zinc in Alzheimer's disease.

2007

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and progressive neurodegenerative disease which in Western society mainly accounts for clinical dementia. AD has been linked to inflammation and metal biological pathway. Neuro-pathological hallmarks are senile plaques, resulting from the accumulation of several proteins and an inflammatory reaction around deposits of amyloid, a fibrillar protein, Abeta, product of cleavage of a much larger protein, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid deposition, due to the accumulation of Abeta peptide, is the main pathogenetic mechanism. Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of AD and several i…

2004

Immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly becoming a hot topic of modern geriatric and clinical gerontology. Current views see immunization with Aβ peptide, the amyloidogenic protein found in senile plaque of AD patient's brains, or the infusion of preformed antibody specific for human Aβ, as possible therapeutic approaches to improve the cognitive status in the disease. Animal models of the disease have provided positive results from both approaches. Thus, an initial clinical trial using immunization with human Aβ in AD patients was started, but then shortly halted because of an unusually high incidence (6%) of meningoencephalitis. A long and currently ongoing deba…

Immune-Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimers Disease: Therapeutic Implications

2010

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and progressive neurodegenerative disease which in Western society mainly accounts for clinical dementia. AD has been linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. Neuro-pathological hallmarks are senile plaques, resulting from the accumulation of several proteins and an inflammatory reaction around deposits of amyloid, a fibrillar protein, Abeta, product of cleavage of a much larger protein, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neurofibrillary tangles. Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of AD and several inflammatory factors influencing AD development, i.e. environmental factors (pro-inflammatory phenotype) an…

Le vécu des sujets atteints de sclérose en plaques : modalités intersubjectives et conjugalité, stratégies adaptatives

2016

Supplément consacré aux Journées de Neurologie de langue française 2016; International audience; Introduction : Notre recherche porte sur l’illness, maladie du point de vue du malade, évènement corporel et psychique qui réorganise la vie psychique du sujet, influence son rapport à autrui.Objectifs : Nos objectifs consistent en l’évaluation et l’analyse de la perception des sujets quant à leur vécu émotionnel, leurs modalités intersubjectives, leurs stratégies adaptatives et leurs liens éventuels.Patients et méthodes : L’échantillon se compose de 79 sujets porteurs de SEP rémittente-récurrente (suivis EDMUS ; EDSS : m = 2,75[2,06] ; durée SEP : m = 10,47[6,08]). Sept auto-évaluations ont été…

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis en France

2012

In Europe, France is located between high and low risk areas of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We estimated the national prevalence of MS in France on 31st October 2004 and the incidence between 2000 and 2007 based on data from the ‘Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés’ which insures 87% of the population. MS like other chronic diseases is one of the 30 long-term illnesses (Affections de Longue Durée, ALD). We analysed geographic variations in the prevalence and incidence of MS in France using the Bayesian approach.Total MS prevalence in France standardised for age was 94.7 per 100,000; 130.5 in women; 54.8 in men. The notification rate for MS (2000-2007) after age-stand…

Pitfall prayer marks: Recognition and appropriate treatment: A case report and review of literature.

2019

Prayer marks are asymptomatic callosities resulting from repeated, extended pressure, and friction exerted on bony prominences when praying on hard ground. A 41-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab was referred to our clinic due to skin changes on her feet that were suspected to be drug eruptions. The patient presented several asymptomatic, hyperpigmented, and hyperkeratotic plaques over the lateral malleoli suggesting that the lesions had a mechanical cause. Further exploration revealed that the patient, a practicing Muslim, prays in a sitting position called "Julus" several times a day. After color marking, the lesions over the lateral feet left a precise imprint…

EFFECT OF IMAGE NORMALIZATION ON CAROTID PLAQUE CLASSIFICATION AND THE RISK OF IPSILATERAL HEMISFERIC ISCHEMIC EVENTS. RESULTS FROM THE ASYMPTOMATIC …

2005

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of image normalization on plaque classification and the risk of ipsilateral ischemic neurologic events in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The first 1,115 patients recruited to the Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) study with a follow-up of 6 to 84 months (mean 37.1 months) were included in this study. Duplex ultrasonography was used for grading the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis and for plaque characterization (types 1-5), which was performed before and after image normalization. One hundred sixteen ipsilateral ischemic hemispheric events occurred. Image normalization resulted in 60% of plaques…

Estrogen-induced cell signalling in a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease.

2003

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by deposition of a 4 kDa amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) into senile plaques of the affected brain. Abeta is a proteolytic product of the membrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP). An alternative cleavage pathway involves alpha-secretase activity and results in secretion of a 100 kDa non-amyloidogenic APP (sAPPalpha) and therefore a potential reduction in Abeta secretion. We have shown that estrogen induces alpha-cleavage and therefore results in the secretion of sAPPalpha. This secretion is signalled via MAP-kinase and PI-3 kinase signal-transduction pathways. These pathways also have the potential to inhibit the activation of glycogen synthas…

Mice are not Men: ADAM30 Findings Emphasize a Broader Look Towards Murine Alzheimer's Disease Models

2016

Due to the growing population of people at advanced age, the number of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing tremendously. In 2015 about 46.8 million people suffered from AD worldwide which is estimated to increase to 131.5 million by 2050. Brains of AD patients all show a common histopathology; they are marked by an atrophy and degeneration that is caused by a severe loss of neurons and synapses (Braak and Del Tredici, 2012). Moreover, so-called extracellular senile plaques that consist of predominantly amyloid β (Aβ) peptides can be detected in the grey matter where they surround neurons. Since generation of Aβ peptides is hypothesized to play a major role in AD path…