Search results for "present"
showing 10 items of 3598 documents
Requirements for Th1-dependent immunity against infection with Leishmania major
2004
Protective immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis is dependent on the induction of Th1/Tc1 immune responses resulting in efficient parasite elimination. In this review, the mechanisms leading to protection are discussed with special focus on the role of Leishmania major-infected dendritic cells (DC) in induction of Th1-dependent immunity. Murine strain-dependent differences between DC derived from Leishmania-susceptible as compared to resistant mice are highlighted.
Circulating specific antibodies enhance systemic cross-priming by delivery of complexed antigen to dendritic cells in vivo
2012
Increasing evidence suggests that antibodies can have stimulatory effects on T-cell immunity. However, the contribution of circulating antigen-specific antibodies on MHC class I cross-priming in vivo has not been conclusively established. Here, we defined the role of circulating antibodies in cross-presentation of antigen to CD8(+) T cells. Mice with hapten-specific circulating antibodies, but naϊve for the T-cell antigen, were infused with haptenated antigen and CD8(+) T-cell induction was measured. Mice with circulating hapten-specific antibodies showed significantly enhanced cross-presentation of the injected antigen compared with mice that lacked these antibodies. The enhanced cross-pre…
Melanoma-Reactive Class I-Restricted Cytotoxic T Cell Clones Are Stimulated by Dendritic Cells Loaded with Synthetic Peptides, but Fail to Respond to…
2003
Abstract Immunization with heat shock proteins (hsp) isolated from cancer cells has been shown to induce a protective antitumor response. The mechanism of hsp-dependent cellular immunity has been attributed to a variety of immunological activities mediated by hsp. Hsp have been shown to bind antigenic peptides, trim the bound peptides by intrinsic enzymatic activity, improve endocytosis of the chaperoned peptides by APCs, and enhance the ability of APCs to stimulate peptide-specific T cells. We have investigated the potential capacity of hsp70 and gp96 to function as a mediator for Ag-specific CTL stimulation in an in vitro model for human melanoma. Repetitive stimulation of PBLs by autolog…
Role of Sortilin in Models of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation
2015
Abstract The proneurotrophin receptor sortilin is a protein with dual functions, being involved in intracellular protein transport, as well as cellular signal transduction. The relevance of the receptor for various neuronal disorders, such as dementia, seizures, and brain injury, is well established. In contrast, little is known about the role of sortilin in immune cells and inflammatory diseases. The aim of our study was to elucidate the distribution of sortilin in different immune cell types in mice and humans and to analyze its function in autoimmune CNS inflammation. Sortilin was expressed most profoundly in murine and human macrophages and dendritic cells and to a much lesser extent in…
Degrees of irreducible characters of the symmetric group and exponential growth
2015
We consider sequences of degrees of ordinary irreducible S n S_n - characters. We assume that the corresponding Young diagrams have rows and columns bounded by some linear function of n n with leading coefficient less than one. We show that any such sequence has at least exponential growth and we compute an explicit bound.
Graphic Interpretation Eileen Gray and Charlotte Perriand
2015
The article deals with the study of two projects of Eileen Gray, an architect who had turned her perception of reality into formal delicacy and Charlotte Perriand, who was able to promote the emphasis of collective and rational living. The article proposes the “graphic re-interpretation” or redrawing of some unbuilt Eileen Gray and Charlotte Perriand’s projects designed in response to the social problems arising in 1936. Their projects of minimum temporary houses are a manifesto through which they investigates other principles of the Modern Movement with the variety of composition of small spaces in relation to the inside well-being at the human scale. The redrawing practice, shown in this …
Adversarial reverse mapping of condensed-phase molecular structures: Chemical transferability
2021
Switching between different levels of resolution is essential for multiscale modeling, but restoring details at higher resolution remains challenging. In our previous study we have introduced deepBackmap: a deep neural-network-based approach to reverse-map equilibrated molecular structures for condensed-phase systems. Our method combines data-driven and physics-based aspects, leading to high-quality reconstructed structures. In this work, we expand the scope of our model and examine its chemical transferability. To this end, we train deepBackmap solely on homogeneous molecular liquids of small molecules, and apply it to a more challenging polymer melt. We augment the generator's objective w…
Analytic second derivatives for the spin-free exact two-component theory
2011
The formulation and implementation of the spin-free (SF) exact two-component (X2c) theory at the one-electron level (SFX2c-1e) is extended in the present work to the analytic evaluation of second derivatives of the energy. In the X2c-1e scheme, the four-component one-electron Dirac Hamiltonian is block diagonalized in its matrix representation and the resulting "electrons-only" two-component Hamiltonian is then used together with untransformed two-electron interactions. The derivatives of the two-component Hamiltonian can thus be obtained by means of simple manipulations of the parent four-component Hamiltonian integrals and derivative integrals. The SF version of X2c-1e can furthermore exp…
Treatment of scalar-relativistic effects on nuclear magnetic shieldings using a spin-free exact-two-component approach.
2013
A cost-effective treatment of scalar-relativistic effects on nuclear magnetic shieldings based on the spin-free exact-two-component theory in its one-electron variant (SFX2C-1e) is presented. The SFX2C-1e scheme gains its computational efficiency, in comparison to the four-component approach, from a focus on spin-free contributions and from the elimination of the small component. For the calculation of nuclear magnetic shieldings, the separation of spin-free and spin-dependent terms in the parent four-component theory is carried out here for the matrix representation of the Dirac equation in terms of a restricted-magnetically balanced gauge-including atomic orbital basis. The resulting spin…
Graphical representation of polynuclear acid-base and complex equilibria.
1983
Abstract A calculation procedure for diagrams of log CM = ƒ(pL) at various values of the ratio of analytical concentrations, CL/CM, in polynuclear binary systems is described. The diagrams are useful in the resolution of analytical problems of practical interest involving acid-base equilibria (such as the preparation of buffer solutions) and complex equilibria. The presence of a solid phase is also considered.