Search results for "processes"

Illusory contours and specific regions of human extrastriate cortex: evidence from rTMS

2003

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that perception of illusory contours is associated with extrastriate cortex activation prevailing on the right side. 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is able to induce lasting inhibition of cortical activity. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of extrastriate cortex in illusory contour perception inducing 1 Hz rTMS interference in healthy subjects. Eight healthy subjects underwent 1 Hz rTMS (600 pulses) through a figure-of-eight coil over right and left occipital cortex (O1 and O2 of 10/20 EEG system); sham magnetic stimulation on the same sites and right motor cortex rTMS (in three subjects) we…

Disorders associated with burnout and causal attributions of stress among health care professionals in psychiatry

2008

Abstract This study, carried out among health care professionals in psychiatry, evaluates burnout (Maslash Burnout Inventory) in relation to other associated disorders: lower levels of self-esteem in different areas (Self-Esteem Inventory); the frequency of stress felt (Nursing Stress Scale); a lesser feeling of general control (Lumpkin); a more negative perception of the general state of health (Diagnostic Interview Schedule); job dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction with numerous aspects of life (Subjective Quality of Life Profile). Moreover, among these professionals, the fact of describing the causes of one's professional burnout as having a “global” impact on one's behavior (using the C…

Effects of 6 Weeks of Traditional Resistance Training or High Intensity Interval Resistance Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Power and Strength …

2020

Consistent practice of physical activity has well known positive effects on general health

2020

Interruptions (interfering stimuli to respond to) and distractions (interfering stimuli to be ignored) have been shown to negatively impact performance, particularly in tasks requiring working memory (WM). This study investigated how these two types of external interference affect task performance and attentional and WM processes as indexed by specific event-related potentials (ERPs) of the EEG. A Continuous Number Task (CNT) was applied, in which participants had to either decide whether the current number (condition without WM load) or the sum of the current and the preceding number (condition with WM load) was odd or even while responding to interlaced single letters (interruptions) or i…

Determination of myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve by densitometric measurements: a selective classification of regions of interest

2002

To evaluate the functional effect of a coronary artery stenosis on the dependent myocardium, digitized coronary angiograms (DCAs) were recorded. The DCAs, acquired during heart catheterization, provide information about myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve of areas supplied by this coronary artery. For each analysis the myocardium is separated into different regions of interest (ROIs); 16 ROIs in the distribution of the LCA and 8 ROIs for the RCA. In addition to that, the ROIs of the diseased vessels are divided into ROIs which are proximal, within and distal to the stenosis. Using a semiautomatic procedure, densograms are constructed from which the parameter rise time is calculat…

Functional MRI and motor behavioral changes obtained with constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke

2011

Background:  The clinical benefits of intensive stroke rehabilitation vary individually. We used multimodal functional imaging to assess the relationship of clinical gain and imaging changes in patients with chronic stroke whose voluntary motor control improved after constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Methods:  Eleven patients (37.6 ± 36.8 months from stroke) were studied by functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and behavioral assessment of hand motor control (Wolf Motor Function Test) before and after 2 weeks of CIMT. Individual and group-level changes in imaging and behavioral parameters were investigated. Results:  Increase in fMRI activation in the sen…

Combined Behavioral and Mismatch Negativity Evidence for the Effects of Long-Lasting High-Definition tDCS in Disorders of Consciousness: A Pilot Study

2020

Objective: To evaluate the effects of long-term High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over precuneus on the level of consciousness (LOC) and the relationship between Mismatch negativity (MMN) and the LOC over the therapy period in patients with Disorders of consciousness (DOCs). Methods: We employed a with-in group repeated measures design with an anode HD-tDCS protocol (2 mA, 20 min, the precuneus) on 11 (2 vegetative state and nine minimally conscious state) patients with DOCs. MMN and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores were measured at four time points: before the treatment of HD-tDCS (T0), after a single session of HD-tDCS (T1), after the treatment of…

The sleep EEG's microstructure in depression: alterations of the phase relations between EEG rhythms during REM and NREM sleep

2002

Abstract Objective : We investigated the microstructure of sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 13 unmedicated depressive inpatients and 13 healthy controls matched in sex and age, hypothesizing that depressives depict an alteration of certain EEG oscillations across the night. Methods : We digitized the sleep EEGs with a sampling rate of 100Hz (bipolar derivation C z –P z , 1440 single sweeps; 2048 data points each), calculated the time course of delta (1–3.5Hz), theta (3.5–7.5Hz), alpha (7.5–15Hz), and beta (15–35Hz) activity over the night, and determined the correlation coefficients of these different EEG rhythms separately for rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)…

Role of Single Low Pulse Intensity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Frontal Cortex for Cognitive Function

2020

Background: The principal aim of this study was to measure the effect of online single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on cognition via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in healthy individuals. Methods: In a single-blind, sham-controlled study, we assessed both 50% and 60% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) over the right DLPFC in healthy right-handed (n = 42) adults using cognitive function, such as attention and memory, as a measure via CANTAB. Results: We observed an improvement in the cognitive function level during the use of online low intensities of 50% and 60% RMT active stimulation …

Interhemispheric inhibition during mental actions of different complexity.

2013

International audience; Several investigations suggest that actual and mental actions trigger similar neural substrates. Yet, neurophysiological evidences on the nature of interhemispheric interactions during mental movements are still meagre. Here, we asked whether the content of mental images, investigated by task complexity, is finely represented in the inhibitory interactions between the two primary motor cortices (M1s). Subjects' left M1 was stimulated by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while they were performing actual or mental movements of increasing complexity with their right hand and exerting a maximum isometric force with their left thumb and index. Thus, we sim…