Search results for "rats"
showing 10 items of 3537 documents
La crise d'identité du Parti démocrate sous la présidence Bush
2008
National audience
Les obligations essentielles en droit privé des contrats
2008
Prix Daniel Parisot de la meilleure thèse en droit privé décerné par la Faculté de droit et de science politique de l'Université de Bourgogne; International audience; La conception de l’obligation essentielle développée dans cet ouvrage n’est pas celle retenue par le droit positif français et consacrée dans le célèbre arrêt Chronopost. Reprenant à sa source le débat sur l’obligation essentielle dans le Traité des obligations de Pothier et dans la notion d’essentialia l’auteur redécouvre l’obligation essentielle au sens de « ce sans quoi le contrat ne serait pas », dictée par la nature du contrat. Il s’agit d’une notion qui ne connaît aucune variation étant purement objective. L’obligation e…
Selective breeding for endurance running capacity affects cognitive but not motor learning in rats
2012
The ability to utilize oxygen has been shown to affect a wide variety of physiological factors often considered beneficial for survival. As the ability to learn can be seen as one of the core factors of survival in mammals, we studied whether selective breeding for endurance running, an indication of aerobic capacity, also has an effect on learning. Rats selectively bred over 23 generations for their ability to perform forced treadmill running were trained in an appetitively motivated discrimination-reversal classical conditioning task, an alternating T-maze task followed by a rule change (from a shift-win to stay-win rule) and motor learning task. In the discrimination-reversal and T-maze …
Protein Phosphorylation by Peroxisome Proliferators: Species-specific Stimulation of Protein Kinases and Its Role in PP-induced Transcriptional Activ…
1996
Motor Transitions' Peculiarity of Heterozygous DAT Rats When Offspring of an Unconventional KOxWT Mating.
2020
Abstract Causal factors of psychiatric diseases are unclear, due to gene × environment interactions. Evaluation of consequences, after a dopamine-transporter (DAT) gene knock-out (DAT-KO), has enhanced our understanding into the pathological dynamics of several brain disorders, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Bipolar-Affective disorders. Recently, our attention has shifted to DAT hypo-functional (heterozygous, HET) rodents: HET dams display less maternal care and HET females display marked hypo-locomotion if cared by HET dams (Mariano et al., 2019). We assessed phenotypes of male DAT-heterozygous rats as a function of their parents: we compared “maternal” origin (MAT-HET, obtain…
Spór o wybory powszechne na stanowiska sędziowskie w amerykańskim dyskursie publicznym w okresie „demokracji jacksonowskiej”
2021
Artykuł przedstawia debatę, jaka odbyła się pomiędzy zwolennikami i przeciwnikami obsadza-nia stanowisk sędziowskich w drodze wyborów powszechnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych w okre-sie tzw. „demokracji jakcsonowskiej” (zwaną także populistyczną) od początku lat trzydziestych XIX wieku do wybuchu wojny secesyjnej. Począwszy od prezydentury Andrew Jacksona nasiliła się w USA walka polityczna pomiędzy ludem reprezentowanym przez Partię Demokratyczną a eli-tami, których interesów broniła Partia Wigów. Przedmiotem sporu stało się żądanie szerszego do-puszczenia ludu do sprawowania władzy oraz demokratyzacja dotychczasowej oligarchicznej re-publiki poprzez rozszerzenie praw wyborczych oraz wyborów p…
Prenatal exposure to diazepam and alprazolam, but not to zolpidem, affects behavioural stress reactivity in handling-naïve and handling-habituated ad…
2002
A gentle long-lasting handling produces persistent neurochemical and behavioural changes and attenuates the impairment in the behavioural reactivity to novelty induced by the prenatal exposure to diazepam (DZ) in adult male rat progeny. This study investigated the consequences of a late prenatal treatment with three GABA/BDZ R agonists (DZ) alprazolam (ALP) and zolpidem (ZOLP)), on different stress-related behavioural patterns, in non-handled (NH), short-lasting handled (SLH) and long-lasting handled (LLH) adult male rats exposed to forced swim test (FST), acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and Vogel test (VT). The effects on motor activity were evaluated in the open field and in the Skinner box…
Le non-renvoi des QPC. Unité ou diversité des pratiques de la Cour de cassation et du Conseil d'État
2018
ISBN : 978-2-37032-164-0; National audience; L'étude du non-renvoi des questions prioritaires de constitutionnalité (QPC) par les Cours suprêmes présente un caractère singulier à bien des égards et notamment car elle touche à l'office du juge ; à son discours et au contrôle des lois par rapport à la norme suprême. Aussi surprenant soit-il, et bien que le mécanisme de la QPC soit effectif depuis le 1er mars 2010, aucune analyse globale n'a été réalisée sur cette problématique, alors même qu'elle permettrait de préciser le contenu des modalités de renvoi qui conditionnent les chances de succès des recours ; de délimiter l'office des Cours suprêmes, et d'observer le cas échéant, son élargissem…
Inhibition of Rac1 signaling by lovastatin protects against anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity
2011
Normal tissue damage limits the efficacy of anticancer therapy. For anthracyclines, the clinically most relevant adverse effect is cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms involved are poorly understood and putative cardioprotectants are controversially discussed. Here, we show that the lipid-lowering drug lovastatin protects rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from doxorubicin in vitro. Protection by lovastatin is related to inhibition of the Ras-homologous GTPase Rac1. It rests on a reduced formation of DNA double-strand breaks, resulting from the inhibition of topoisomerase II by doxorubicin. Doxorubicin transport and reactive oxygen species are not involved. Protection by lovastatin was confirmed in vivo. I…
Tiam1 as a Signaling Mediator of Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth
2010
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation requires the activation of members of the Rho family of small GTPases. However, the molecular mechanisms through which NGF regulates cytoskeletal changes and neurite outgrowth are not totally understood. In this work, we identify the Rac1-specific guanine exchange factor (GEF) Tiam1 as a novel mediator of NGF/TrkA-dependent neurite elongation. In particular, we report that knockdown of Tiam1 causes a significant reduction in Rac1 activity and neurite outgrowth induced by NGF. Physical interaction between Tiam1 and active Ras (Ras- GTP), but not tyrosine phosphorylation of Tiam1, plays a central role in Rac1 activation by NGF. In add…