Search results for "reduction"

Critiquing and Joining Intersections of Disaster, Conflict, and Peace Research

2020

AbstractDisaster research, conflict research, and peace research have rich and deep histories, yet they do not always fully intersect or learn from each other, even when they investigate if and how disasters lead to conflict or peace. Scholarship has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster (including those associated with climate change) and conflict, and disaster diplomacy emerged as a thread of explanatory research that investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not influence peace and conflict. However, definitive conclusions on the disaster-conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus, in part due to conceptual, methodological, and …

Contribution à l'étude des « goûts de lumière » dans le vin de champagne. II. Influence de la lumière sur le potentiel d'oxydoreduction. Corrélation …

1978

<p style="text-align: justify;">Les auteurs déterminent les potentiels d'oxydoréduction de nombreux vins de champagne avant et après la prise de mousse. Ils précisent la relation, par éclairement de vins dégorgés et non dégorgés, entre l'apparition de « goût de lumière » et le potentiel d'oxydoréduction. Ils donnent les longueurs d'onde responsables des « goûts de lumière ».</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The oxydoreduction potentials are determined for a number of wines of champagne before and after the second prise de mousse fermentation. By illuminating disgorged and non disgorged wines, the authors of this article …

Information-theoretic assessment of cardiovascular-brain networks during sleep

2015

This study was aimed at detecting the structure of the physiological network underlying the regulation of the cardiovascular and brain systems during normal sleep. To this end, we measured from the polysomnographic recordings of 10 healthy subjects the normalized spectral power of heart rate variability in the high frequency band (HF) and the EEG power in the δ, θ, α, σ, and β bands. Then, the causal statistical dependencies within and between these six time series were assessed in terms of internal information (conditional self entropy, CSE) and information transfer (transfer entropy, TE) computed via a linear method exploiting multiple regression models and a nonlinear method combining ne…

Stereoselective Synthesis of the Antiprotozoal Lactone Passifloricin A and Seven Isomers Thereof

2004

The conjugated delta-lactone passifloricin A, a natural product with antiprotozoal activity, and seven isomers thereof have been synthesized in enantiopure form. It has been shown in this way that the proposed structure for the natural compound was erroneous. The correct structure is now evidenced. Key steps of the syntheses were asymmetric Brown-type aldehyde allylations and ring-closing metatheses.

N-acetylcysteine protects against age-related increase in oxidized proteins in mouse synaptic mitochondria.

1997

Since it has been proposed that oxidized protein accumulation plays a critical role in brain aging, we have investigated the effect of a thiolic antioxidant on protein carbonyl content in synaptic mitochondria from female OF-1 mice. At 48 weeks of age, a control group was fed standard food pellets and another group received pellets containing 0.3% (w/w) of N-acetylcysteine. A 24-week treatment resulted in a significant decrease in protein carbonyl content in synaptic mitochondria of the N-acetylcysteine-treated animals as compared to age-matched controls.

The effects of rapid weight loss on skeletal muscle in judo athletes

2020

Abstract Objective To observe the effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) methods over 3 days on muscle damage in judokas. Methods Eighteen judokas participated in this crossover study, meaning that judo athletes were subjected to exercise-only phase (4 days) and RWL phase (3 days). Subjects were tested for myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values on seven consecutive days. These biomarkers served as indicators of acute muscle damage. Results During the exercise-only phase, no significant changes were observed. Myoglobin (Mb) (p < 0.001), creatine kinase (CK) (p < 0.001) and aldolase (ALD) (p < 0.001) significantly increased only during the RWL phase, as we…

Efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in reducing the likelihood of developing new allergen sensitizations: a systematic review

2017

Background Guidelines and position papers indicate that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment, including prevention of the onset of new allergen sensitizations. However, this preventive effect was shown by only a few observational studies. Our aim was to systematically review the efficacy of AIT in preventing the onset of new allergen sensitizations. Methods Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (through June 2015) were supplemented with manual searches of reference lists. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials with a long-term observation period were included. Paired reviewers extracted data about stud…

Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training?

2015

Physical exercise increases the cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle, liver, and other organs. This is unlikely due to increased mitochondrial production but rather to extramitochondrial sources such as NADPH oxidase or xanthine oxidase. We have reported a xanthine oxidase-mediated increase in ROS production in many experimental models from isolated cells to humans. Originally, ROS were considered as detrimental and thus as a likely cause of cell damage associated with exhaustion. In the past decade, evidence showing that ROS act as signals has been gathered and thus the idea that antioxidant supplementation in exercise is always recommendable has proved incorrect.…

Reduction in aortic compliance in adolescents with suboptimal intrauterine growth

2002

Moderate consumption of beer reduces liver triglycerides and aortic cholesterol deposit in LDLr-/- apoB100/100 mice.

2006

This study was designed to address the effects of a moderate consumption of beer on serum and liver lipid parameters and on the development of aortic lesions in a mouse model associated with a human atherogenic lipoprotein profile. LDLr(-/-) apoB(100/100) mice received each day during 12 weeks either water, mild beer (0.570g of ethanol/kg of body weight) or ethanol-free beer in a single pure dose. Serum and liver lipid parameters were analyzed and atherosclerotic lesions were estimated in heart and aorta through their total cholesterol content. mRNA levels of enzymes and receptors involved in lipoprotein uptake, in fatty acid esterification and oxidation, and in reverse cholesterol transpor…