Search results for "regulation"

Vecākā pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu satiksmes noteikumu apguves sekmēšana pedagoģiskajā procesā

2018

Darba autors: Alvīne Mārtinsone Darba temats: Vecākā pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu satiksmes noteikumu apguves sekmēšana pedagoģiskajā procesā. Darba mērķis: analizēt un pētīt vecākā pirmsskolas vecuma bērna satiksmes noteikumu apguves sekmēšanas iespējas rotaļās (rotaļnodarbībā). Lai atklātu izvirzīto mērķi, pētījumā tika analizētas dažādas pedagoģiskās, psiholoģiskās literatūras analīzes. Pirmajā daļā tiek apskatīti dažādu psihologu, pedagogu konkrētā vecuma posma bērnu raksturojums. Apskatītas vadlīnijas un Ministru kabineta noteikumi, kā arī dažādu pedagogu, psihologu nosacījumi, kuri satiksmes noteikumi jāmāca pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem. Lai noskaidrotu, kādi pedagoģiskie paņēmieni sekmēs b…

Deadlock in corporate governance: Finding a common strategy for private telephone companies, 1978–1998

2017

This paper looks at how a group of small, incumbent private telephone companies complied with the international convergence of market structures. The existing research has mainly focused on large national incumbents, assuming a transition to multinational enterprise. This development process is often associated with privatisation policies and various institutional factors. The article tests these assumptions using a case study of the network of Finnish local telephone companies. It looks at the development of an interfirm network, its perspectives on the different phases of the deregulation process, and how the network tried to regenerate itself but failed to form a unified corporate struct…

WRKY gene family drives dormancy release in onion bulbs

2022

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb crop grown worldwide. Dormancy in bulbous plants is an important physiological state mainly regulated by a complex gene network that determines a stop of vegetative growth during unfavorable seasons. Limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy in onion were available until now. Here, a comparison between uninfected and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV)-infected onion bulbs highlighted an altered dormancy in the virus-infected plants, causing several symptoms, such as leaf striping, growth reduction, early bulb sprouting and rooting, as well as a lower abscisic acid (ABA) level at the start of dormancy. Furthermore, by compar…

Prawo kosmiczne w kontekście trzech reżimów prawnych. Jedność celów czy egoizm interesów?

2021

W artykule zaprezentowano aktualne kwestie związane z wykorzystaniem przestrzeni kosmicznej wraz ze wskazaniem konieczności przestrzegania obowiązujących regulacji, współtworzących międzynarodowe prawo kosmiczne. Zaprezentowano swego rodzaju proces ‒ ewolucję wykorzystywania przestrzeni kosmicznej, począwszy od monopolu państw, przez zdefiniowane wolą państw działania organizacji międzynarodowych, kończąc na narodowych agencjach kosmicznych, będących instytucjonalnym wsparciem również dla prywatnych podmiotów. W pracy, adekwatnie do wykazanej wielopodmiotowości, prezentuje się regulacje prawne, w których pierwsze konwencje, umowy z lat 60. i 70. XX w., współtworzące międzynarodowe prawo kos…

Activation of the p38MAPK cascade is associated with upregulation of TNF alpha receptors in the spinal motor neurons of mouse models of familial ALS.

2005

Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), but not activated c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), increases in the motor neurons of transgenic mice overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1 mutants at different stages of the disease. This effect is associated with a selective increase of phosphorylated MKK3-6, MKK4 and ASK1 and a concomitant upregulation of the TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), but not IL1beta and Fas receptors. Activation of both p38 MAPK and JNK occurs in the activated microglial cells of SOD1 mutant mice at the advanced stage of the disease; however, this effect is not accompanied by the concomitant activation of the upstream kinases ASK1 and MKK3,4,6, while both …

Protein Phosphorylation by Peroxisome Proliferators: Species-specific Stimulation of Protein Kinases and Its Role in PP-induced Transcriptional Activ…

1996

Influence of aryl hydrocarbon- (Ah) receptor and genotoxins on DNA repair gene expression and cell survival of mouse hepatoma cells

2009

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates toxicity of a variety of environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins. However, the underlying mechanisms and genetic programmes regulated by AhR to cause adverse effects but also to counteract poisoning are still poorly understood. Here we analysed the effects of two AhR ligands, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a DNA damaging tumour initiator and promotor and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a pure tumour promoter, on cell survival and on nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene expression. NER deals with so called "bulky" DNA adducts including those generated by enzymatically activated B[a]P. Therefore, t…

Heterogeneity within and between primary colorectal carcinomas and matched metastases as revealed by analysis of Ki-ras and p53 mutations

2004

Analysis of the genetic status of Ki-ras and p53 in primary colorectal carcinomas and matched colorectal liver metastasis from 30 patients reveals an overall heterogeneity both within and between the two tumoral tissues. Both genes were found mutated with a similar frequency in both tissues; however, identical mutations in primary tumor and matched metastasis were found less frequently in the case of the Ki-ras than the p53 gene. Only in three cases the same p53 and Ki-ras mutations found in the primary tumor were found also in the metastasis. In several metastatic specimens the DNA bearing a mutation detected also in the primary tumor appears significantly less abundant than the wild-type …

Targeting HSP90 with the small molecule inhibitor AUY922 (luminespib) as a treatment strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma

2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor that responds very poorly to existing therapies, most probably due to its extraordinary inter- and intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. The modest therapeutic response to molecular targeted agents underlines the need for new therapeutic approaches for HCC. In our study, we took advantage of well-characterized human HCC cell lines, differing in transcriptomic subtypes, DNA mutation and amplification alterations, reflecting the heterogeneity of primary HCCs, to provide a preclinical evaluation of the specific heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor AUY922 (luminespib). Indeed, HSP90 is highly expressed in different tumor types, but it…

Net currents obtained from zero-average potentials in single amphoteric nanopores

2013

We have studied experimentally and theoretically the rectifying properties of a single asymmetric nanopore functionalized with amphoteric lysine groups and characterized the net current obtained with zero-average time dependent potentials. The pH-controlled rectification phenomena may be relevant to bio-electrochemistry, pH sensing and regulation, and energy conversion. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.