Search results for "sanctions"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
In an ideal world who should carry the can for wrongdoing business?
2018
Purpose This paper aims to analyze the main international rules against economic crime and to verify if Italian legislation provides for appropriate measures according to own needs at a national level. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a comparative approach by examining the existing legislations on a global, European and Italian level for finding analogies and differences between them. Findings The research has discovered a wide variation in the legislative interventions against economic crimes and in the kind of imposed sanctions. Nevertheless, there seems to be a trend toward penalties, with a high degree of uniformity between the different levels of protection. Research lim…
Starptautiskās sankcijas kā politiskais ES vērtību aizsardzības instruments
2020
Eiropas Savienība ir balstīta uz vērtībām, kas respektē cilvēka cieņu, brīvību, demokrātiju, vienlīdzību, likuma varu un cilvēktiesības, ieskaitot minoritātēm piederošu personu tiesības. Eiropas Savienības mērķis ir veicināt mieru, tās vērtības un savu cilvēku labklājību. Tā kā tā ir pasaules mēroga dalībniece, tā aizsargā un aizsargā savas vērtības un mērķus ne tikai iekšēji Savienībā, bet arī ārpus tās robežām. Globālā līmenī ES aizsargā starptautisko kārtību un novērš starptautisko likumu un cilvēktiesību pārkāpumus.Viens no visspēcīgākajiem ekonomiskās, politiskās un diplomātiskās ietekmes instrumentiem ir sankcijas, kuru mērķis ir mierīgā veidā mainīt valsts attieksmi. Tomēr daudzi zin…
Le sanzioni amministrative tributarie: principi e deroghe tra diritto interno ed interpretazioni sovranazionali
2018
Il saggio analizza taluni aspetti del sistema sanzionatorio tributario, improntati ad una spiccata concezione punitiva di derivazione penalistica, evidenziando le numerose deroghe presenti nella vigente normativa. Sono a tal fine esaminate le peculiarità che caratterizzano la disciplina inerente ai principi di personalità della sanzione, di legalità, imputabilità e intrasmissibilità della sanzione agli eredi. Incongruenze ulteriori sono segnalate in ordine al procedimento di applicazione della sanzione, nonché con riguardo alla sua esecuzione. Si conclude nel senso che il bilanciamento tra l’interesse pubblico alla percezione dei tributi e i diritti del trasgressore non sempre risulta adegu…
Sanctions for Legal Entities in South American and European Systems of Corporate Criminal Liability
2021
The present analysis of sanctions for cases of liability of legal entities for crimes (corporate criminal liability) adopts a two-fold comparative perspective. First, it focuses on the sanctions provided by the laws of those legal systems, in South America, which introduced such liability, especially in the last two decades after the United Nations’ treaties on organized crime and corruption. Then, it continues with a parallel overview of sanctioning choices in those Member States of the European Union which opted for such liability. The analysis highlights similar and different approaches both in the two contexts and within each of them. Overall, a process of “weak harmonization” of sancti…
Does the crowd matter in refereeing decisions? Evidence from Spanish soccer
2016
This paper analyses referee home bias with data from the First Division of the Spanish Football League between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. The aim is to assess the behaviour of the referee in relation to two decisions, namely free kicks awarded and players booked. The main contribution of this paper is the way in which it analyses referee bias; free kicks and bookings are not considered independent elements, instead it is presumed that the number of free kicks awarded has an impact on the cards shown. Regarding methodology, two random effects panel-data regression models are estimated. The results obtained do not confirm, at least in the period under analysis, that Spanish soccer refer…
The art of sanctions: a view from the field
2019
Human Rights and Substantive Equality in the Adjudication of Ethnic Practices
2016
With the development of human rights and anti-discrimination law, courts have increasingly been called upon to protect ethnicity related practices from general criminal and civil sanctions. These ‘claims of culture’ have so far been addressed with remarkable inconsistency, leading to popular fears of unlimited normative pluralism and targeted legislative measures. Compounding such controversies, philosophical approaches to multiculturalism have mostly been concerned with policy and offered vague or distorted portrayals of judicial challenges. This article seeks to fill the gap by exploring how the legal standard of substantive equality might structure the courts’ approach to a range of case…
Sanzione religiosa, procedimenti giuridici e disincanto in Tucidide. Il dramma di Platea
2016
Il racconto tucidideo sul dramma di Platea, oltre ad essere di eccezionale intensità, è anche e soprattutto una riflessione sottile sui confini incerti e precari tra politica e morale, e sull’ambiguità e i rischi delle parole e del discorso pubblico: fuori dal logos, fuori dalla parola, che è sempre parola pubblica, non c’è politica, e dove non c’è politica ogni confine si dissolve e tutto diviene possibile. In questo terreno, su cui lo storico ateniese ci riporta continuamente, le sanzioni religiose e i procedimenti giudiziari invocati di volta in volta dai diversi protagonisti della narrazione sono di fatto sottoposti ad una riflessione corrosiva che ne smaschera la natura dissimulatrice.…
Local Decisions Under Central Watch: A Nordic Quality Assurance System
2013
Quality assurance or accountability, as we use the term, refers to when an actor, in virtue of contractual obligations, has the right to hold another actor responsible to a set of standards, to judge whether the standards have been met and to impose sanctions if the standards are deemed unfulfilled. In this chapter, we compare how (and if) these rights have been distributed and enacted in educational administration in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. By specifying contractual obligations, we wish to separate accountability from other kinds of asymmetric power relations, such as those between parent and child, and focus on acts of delegation and control.
LE SANZIONI PER LE PERSONE GIURIDICHE NEI SISTEMI DI RESPONSABILITÀ DA REATO: SPUNTI DI CONFRONTO FRA SUD-AMERICA ED EUROPA
2019
The analysis of the sanctions for corporate criminal liability is conducted in a comparative perspective on two-fold level and scope. In the first place, the study consider the sanctions adopted in South-American jurisdictions which have introduced such responsibility, especially in the last twenty years, based on the UN instruments to contrast transnational organised crime and corruption. Then, the study will move to a parallel overview of the sanctions of EU jurisdictions. The analysis highlights analogies and differences both between the national systems from both contexts and between the two groups of jurisdictions. Overall, a process of ‘weak harmonisation’ is traced between the consid…