Search results for "science studies"
showing 10 items of 182 documents
Early Modern Theories
2013
The notion of consciousness was used by early modern philosophers in various ways. In dualist ontologies, the nature of thought was often characterised with the help of consciousness: while matter was understood as extended in space, thought was taken to be that which is accompanied by consciousness. Whether the mind always thinks and whether mental activity in its entirety is conscious were among the questions which addressed the relation between thought and consciousness. The possibility of unconscious thought was generally overlooked. For example, Locke rejected the Cartesian tenet that we always think by appealing to particular phenomena which suggest that we do not always think, such a…
The publication of news about the results of R+D+I. How do Spanish researchers perceive it?
2018
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cúal es la percepción que tienen los investigadores de las universidades españolas sobre el impacto que generan, sobre sus carreras profesionales, las noticias científicas que se publicancon los resultados de sus actividades de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i). Para ello, se han seleccionado los datos obtenidos por una encuesta online realizada en el año 2016 de 602 investigadores y profesionales de la comunicación científica de 20 universidades de España, teniendo único requisito que alguna de sus publicaciones hubiera sido objeto de —al menos— una nota de prensa difundida por su universidad en los últimos cinco años. Para el…
Group epistemic value
2021
AbstractSometimes we are interested in how groups are doing epistemically in aggregate. For instance, we may want to know the epistemic impact of a change in school curriculum or the epistemic impact of abolishing peer review in the sciences. Being able to say something about how groups are doing epistemically is especially important if one is interested in pursuing a consequentialist approach to social epistemology of the sort championed by Goldman (Knowledge in a social world. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999). According to this approach we evaluate social practices and institutions from an epistemic perspective based on how well they promote the aggregate level of epistemic value ac…
One size does not fit all! New perspectives on the university in the social knowledge economy
2016
Universities face a tension from two urgent pressures they face, firstly to demonstrate that they deliver value for society in return for public investments, and secondly to demonstrate their responsibility by introducing strategic management to demonstrate to their funders that they meet their goals. In this special issue, we explore the ways in which these tensions play out in practice, as universities facing 'mission overload' in turn try to develop additional regional development missions, highlighting three findings. Firstly, there can be no one-size-fits all idea of a 'third university mission' alongside teaching and research because engagement is so context-dependent. Secondly, unive…
Does it take two to tango? Factors related to the ease of societal uptake of scientific knowledge
2016
Science policy increasingly focuses on maximising societal benefits from science and technology investments, but often reduces those benefits to activities involving codifying and selling knowledge, thereby idealising best practice academic behaviours around entrepreneurial superstars. This paper argues that societal value depends on knowledge being used, making knowledge's eventual exploitation partly dependent upon on whether other users-societal or scientific-can use that knowledge (i.e. on how far new knowledge is cognate with users' existing knowledge). When scientists incorporate user knowledge into their research processes, what we call 'open research behaviours', their knowledge may…
Benefits of the relations between editorial board members and scholarly journals. The case of Ibero-American journals of psychology
2017
[EN]: The objective of the present work is to delve into the publication habits of members of editorial committees of Ibero-American journals of psychology, collected in the Web of Science (WoS) between the years 2013 and 2015. Different bibliometric indicators were used and the results reveal a disparity in the participation of editorial board members from one journal to another, including a shorter article acceptance time and a larger number of citations, mainly in Web of Science and BIOSIS. Many of the editorial board members are researchers of recognized prestige in their discipline; therefore, by publishing articles in the journals in which they play a role, they offer a guarantee of s…
Remembering Ludwig Dmitrievich Faddeev, Our Lifelong Partner in Mathematical Physics
2018
International audience; We briefly recount the long friendship that developed between Ludwig and us (Moshé Flato and I), since we first met at ICM 1966 in Moscow. That friendship extended to his school and family, and persists to this day. Its strong personal impact and main scientific components are sketched, including reflections on what mathematical physics is (or should be).
Dire le refus des machines : pétitions ouvrières et représentations de l'ordre économique en France en 1848
2009
Quand eclate la Revolution de 1848, le machinisme, identifie a la grande industrie britannique et a son pauperisme, suscite toujours de nombreuses inquietudes. Face a l’impossibilite croissante de dire le refus des machines, les travailleurs et leurs porte-parole imaginent des strategies alternatives pour en attenuer et en reguler les effets...
La question de l'animalité, pivot du matérialisme et de la définition de l'humain chez Cabanis
2010
International audience
Assessment of Researchers Through Bibliometric Indicators: The Area of Information and Library Science in Spain as a Case Study (2001–2015)
2018
Research activities are subject to constant processes of evaluation, which increasingly include the use of bibliometric indicators to support decision-making. This paper presents a model for the individual evaluation of different facets of researchers' work and discusses the interest in using “control” parameters to identify deviations suggesting inappropriate conduct. The proposed model is illustrated through an empirical example that analyzes the activity of Spanish researchers in the area of Library and Information Science. There are important differences among the most productive authors, and in many cases, there is no association between the degree of participation in high-impact journ…