Search results for "screening"

Female-specific association among I, J and K mitochondrial genetic haplogroups and cancer:A longitudinal cohort study

2018

Recent studies highlighted the role of mitochondrial dysregulation in cancer, suggesting that the different mitochondrial haplogroups might play a role in tumorigenesis and risk of cancer development. Our aim is to investigate whether any mitochondrial haplogroups carried a significant higher risk of cancer development in a large prospective cohort of North American people. The haplogroup assignment was performed by a combination of sequencing and PCR-RFLP techniques. Our specific outcome of interest was the incidence of any cancer during follow-up period. Overall, 3222 participants were included in the analysis. Women having I, J, K haplogroup reported a significant higher incidence of can…

Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of cell-free miRNAs in prostate cancer: a systematic review

2016

Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing substantially improved early detection of prostate cancer, however it also led to overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. Treatment outcome and management of prostate cancer could be improved by the development of non-invasive biomarker assays that aid in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer screening, help to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease and guide therapeutic decisions. Prostate cancer cells release miRNAs into the bloodstream, where they exist …

Short telomere length is associated with impaired cognitive performance in European ancestry cohorts

2017

AbstractThe association between telomere length (TL) dynamics on cognitive performance over the life-course is not well understood. This study meta-analyses observational and causal associations between TL and six cognitive traits, with stratifications on APOE genotype, in a Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Twelve European cohorts (N=17 052; mean age=59.2±8.8 years) provided results for associations between qPCR-measured TL (T/S-ratio scale) and general cognitive function, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), processing speed by digit symbol substitution test (DSST), visuospatial functioning, memory and executive functioning (STROOP). In addition, a genetic risk score (GRS) for TL includin…

Anticancer properties of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives depend on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)

2017

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an important role in numerous chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and cancer, and PPAR modulators are among the approved drugs and drug-candidates for their treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of PPARs in the mechanism of cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic action of novel anticancer 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (Les-2194, Les-3377, Les-3640) and approved 4-thiazolidinones (Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone) towards the human squamous carcinoma (SCC-15) cell line. Experiments with 4-thiazaolidinone derivatives and PPAR-specific siRNA were conducted and PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ mRNA expression was …

An overview of recent molecular dynamics applications as medicinal chemistry tools for the undruggable site challenge

2018

Molecular dynamics (MD) has become increasingly popular due to the development of hardware and software solutions and the improvement in algorithms, which allowed researchers to scale up calculations in order to speed them up. MD simulations are usually used to address protein folding issues or protein-ligand complex stability through energy profile analysis over time. In recent years, the development of new tools able to deeply explore a potential energy surface (PES) has allowed researchers to focus on the dynamic nature of the binding recognition process and binding-induced protein conformational changes. Moreover, modern approaches have been demonstrated to be effective and reliable in …

MHC class I loaded ligands from breast cancer cell lines: A potential HLA-I-typed antigen collection.

2018

Abstract To build a catalog of peptides presented by breast cancer cells, we undertook systematic MHC class I immunoprecipitation followed by elution of MHC class I-loaded peptides in breast cancer cells. We determined the sequence of 3196 MHC class I ligands representing 1921 proteins from a panel of 20 breast cancer cell lines. After removing duplicate peptides, i.e., the same peptide eluted from more than one cell line, the total number of unique peptides was 2740. Of the unique peptides eluted, more than 1750 had been previously identified, and of these, sixteen have been shown to be immunogenic. Importantly, half of these immunogenic peptides were shared between different breast cancer…

Recent advances on CDK inhibitors: An insight by means of in silico methods

2017

The cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are a small family of serine/threonine protein kinases that can act as a potential therapeutic target in several proliferative diseases, including cancer. This short review is a survey on the more recent research progresses in the field achieved by using in silico methods. All the "armamentarium" available to the medicinal chemists (docking protocols and molecular dynamics, fragment-based, de novo design, virtual screening, and QSAR) has been employed to the discovery of new, potent, and selective inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases. The results cited herein can be useful to understand the nature of the inhibitor-target interactions, and furnish an ins…

Molecular topology: A new strategy for antimicrobial resistance control

2017

The control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) seems to have come to an impasse. The use and abuse of antibacterial drugs has had major consequences on the genetic mutability of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms, leading to the development of new highly resistant strains. Because of the complexity of this situation, an in silico strategy based on QSAR molecular topology was devised to identify synthetic molecules as antimicrobial agents not susceptible to one or several mechanisms of resistance such as: biofilms formation (BF), ionophore (IA) activity, epimerase (EI) activity or SOS system (RecA inhibition). After selecting a group of 19 compounds, five of them showed signific…

CoverageAnalyzer (CAn): A Tool for Inspection of Modification Signatures in RNA Sequencing Profiles

2016

Combination of reverse transcription (RT) and deep sequencing has emerged as a powerful instrument for the detection of RNA modifications, a field that has seen a recent surge in activity because of its importance in gene regulation. Recent studies yielded high-resolution RT signatures of modified ribonucleotides relying on both sequence-dependent mismatch patterns and reverse transcription arrests. Common alignment viewers lack specialized functionality, such as filtering, tailored visualization, image export and differential analysis. Consequently, the community will profit from a platform seamlessly connecting detailed visual inspection of RT signatures and automated screening for modifi…

2016

AbstractGlaucoma related proteomic changes have been documented in cell and animal models. However, proteomic studies investigating on human retina samples are still rare. In the present work, retina samples of glaucoma and non-glaucoma control donors have been examined by a state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) workflow to uncover glaucoma related proteomic changes. More than 600 proteins could be identified with high confidence (FDR < 1%) in human retina samples. Distinct proteomic changes have been observed in 10% of proteins encircling mitochondrial and nucleus species. Numerous proteins showed a significant glaucoma related level change (p < 0.05) or distinct tendency of altera…