Search results for "sensorimotor"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Grip Force Adjustments Reflect Prediction of Dynamic Consequences in Varying Gravitoinertial Fields
2018
International audience; Humans have a remarkable ability to adjust the way they manipulate tools through a genuine regulation of grip force according to the task. However, rapid changes in the dynamical context may challenge this skill, as shown in many experimental approaches. Most experiments adopt perturbation paradigms that affect only one sensory modality. We hypothesize that very fast adaptation can occur if coherent information from multiple sensory modalities is provided to the central nervous system. Here, we test whether participants can switch between different and never experienced dynamical environments induced by centrifugation of the body. Seven participants lifted an object …
Effects of apomorphine on orienting reaction in the rat
2009
Aim of the research was to study the possible relationship between rapid apomorphine-induced modifications of midbrain dopaminergic neuron activity and rapid modifications of a motor response triggered by sensory stimuli (sensory-motor integration. Following apomorphine administration, ANOVA test revealed significant decrease of head turning latency and duration. A change on dopamine release, leading to an inhibition or facilitation of dopamine-mediated responses to environmental stimuli, may be hypothesized.
An Architecture for Observational Learning
2014
In this thesis I present an architecture that learns new skills through observation and adapts to the environment through situated experience in the world. Such an architectural growth is bootstrapped from a minimal initial knowledge and the architecture itself is built around the biologically-inspired notion of internal models. The key idea, supported by findings in cognitive neuroscience, is that the same internal models used in overt goal-directed action execution can be covertly re-enacted in simulation to observe and understand the actions of others. The system applies these concepts to learning higher order cognitive functions like learning problem solving skills and social interactio…
In-home versus hospital preoperative balance and proprioceptive training in patients undergoing TKR; rationale, design, and method of a randomized co…
2017
Abstract Background Severe knee osteoarthritis, as well as the surgical procedure of total knee replacement that aims to reduce its symptoms, cause great deterioration on the proprioceptive system. Taking this fact into account, and considering that balance abilities positively influence the capacity to perform basic functional tasks, this trial aims to find the short and mid-term effects of a preoperative balance and proprioceptive training when conducted by patients undergoing total knee replacement. Along with the effects, it is intended to determine whether in-home based training can be as effective as hospital training. The results will help to conclude whether the possible benefits ma…
Naturalistic music and dance: Cortical phase synchrony in musicians and dancers
2018
Expertise in music has been investigated for decades and the results have been applied not only in composition, performance and music education, but also in understanding brain plasticity in a larger context. Several studies have revealed a strong connection between auditory and motor processes and listening to and performing music, and music imagination. Recently, as a logical next step in music and movement, the cognitive and affective neuro-sciences have been directed towards expertise in dance. To understand the versatile and overlapping processes during artistic stimuli, such as music and dance, it is necessary to study them with continuous naturalistic stimuli. Thus, we used long exce…
Comparing MEG and EEG in detecting the ~20-Hz rhythm modulation to tactile and proprioceptive stimulation
2020
Abstract Modulation of the ~20-Hz brain rhythm has been used to evaluate the functional state of the sensorimotor cortex both in healthy subjects and patients, such as stroke patients. The ~20-Hz brain rhythm can be detected by both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), but the comparability of these methods has not been evaluated. Here, we compare these two methods in the evaluating of ~20-Hz activity modulation to somatosensory stimuli. Rhythmic ~20-Hz activity during separate tactile and proprioceptive stimulation of the right and left index finger was recorded simultaneously with MEG and EEG in twenty-four healthy participants. Both tactile and proprioceptive st…
Multiple representations and mechanisms for visuomotor adaptation in young children
2012
International audience; In this study, we utilized transformed spatial mappings to perturb visuomotor integration in 5-yr-old children and adults. The participants were asked to perform pointing movements under five different conditions of visuomotor rotation (from 0° to 180°), which were designed to reveal explicit vs. implicit representations as well as the mechanisms underlying the visual-motor mapping. Several tests allowed us to separately evaluate sensorimotor (i.e., the dynamic dimension of movement) and cognitive (i.e., the explicit representations of target position and the strategies used by the participants) representations of visuo-proprioceptive distortion. Our results indicate…
The effect of alertness and attention on the modulation of the beta rhythm to tactile stimulation
2021
Abstract Beta rhythm modulation has been used as a biomarker to reflect the functional state of the sensorimotor cortex in both healthy subjects and patients. Here, the effect of reduced alertness and active attention to the stimulus on beta rhythm modulation was investigated. Beta rhythm modulation to tactile stimulation of the index finger was recorded simultaneously with MEG and EEG in 23 healthy subjects (mean 23, range 19–35 years). The temporal spectral evolution method was used to obtain the peak amplitudes of beta suppression and rebound in three different conditions (neutral, snooze, and attention). Neither snooze nor attention to the stimulus affected significantly the strength of…
Disturbed social behavior and motivation in rats selectively bred for deficient sensorimotor gating
2007
Deficient prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle reflects disturbed sensorimotor gating found in certain neuropsychiatric disorders. We here tested whether rats selectively bred for deficient PPI are deteriorated in behavioral paradigms used to model negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Rats with low PPI preferred standard rat-chow when having the choice between lever-pressing for reward-pellets or freely available rat-chow, suggesting reduced motivation. Additionally, these rats show deteriorated social behavior during interaction with a juvenile rat. Rats selectively bred for low PPI may therefore be used as a model to study the biological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of negative sy…
Effects of sulpiride on the orienting movement evoked By acoustic stimulation in the Rat.
2000
Abstract Drugs that selectively block D 2 receptors are known to provoke a rapid cell firing increase followed by A9 and A10 dopaminergic (DA) neuron inactivation (depolarization block). In this study, possible relationships between cell firing rapid increase and specific behavioral effects, linked to sensorimotor integration, were investigated in the rat. To this purpose, with the aid of a video camera apparatus and a frame-by-frame analysis, effects of sulpiride-induced blockade of DA D 2 receptors were analyzed on the orienting movement of the head induced by acoustic stimulation. In a control group of rats, during trials lasting 20 min, latency and duration of head turning (HT) were 186…